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Background <p>Whether physical activity (PA) levels relate to mortality in postmenopausal women remains not well understood.</p> Methods <p>We analyzed 5,880 postmenopausal women from NHANES 2007–2018 (median follow-up:77 months). PA—including total PA (TPA), leisure-time PA (LTPA), and occupational PA (OPA)—was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and expressed as metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-minutes/week. TPA was classified as no, insufficiently active (&lt; 600), or sufficiently active (≥ 600), while LTPA and OPA were classified as no, low (&lt; 600), or high (≥ 600). Weighted proportional hazards Cox models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses examined associations with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and non-CVD mortality.</p> Results <p>During follow-up, 718 deaths occurred (215 CVD, 503 non-CVD). Compared with no PA, insufficiently and sufficiently active TPA were associated with reduced risks of all-cause, CVD, and non-CVD mortality; both low and high LTPA with reduced risks of all-cause and non-CVD mortality; and low OPA with reduced risks of all-cause and non-CVD mortality. RCS analyses showed linear inverse associations for TPA and non-linear inverse associations for LTPA with all-cause and non-CVD mortality, while OPA showed no significant associations. Tests for trend were significant for TPA in relation to all-cause and non-CVD mortality, and for LTPA across all three outcomes. Sensitivity analyses excluding early deaths yielded similar results.</p> Conclusions <p>Higher TPA and LTPA were associated with reduced risks of all-cause and non-CVD mortality among postmenopausal women. Promoting adequate PA, particularly moving from inactivity to modest levels, may be an effective strategy to support healthy aging in this population.</p>

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Association between physical activity and mortality in postmenopausal women: evidence from NHANES 2007–2018

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Baixiang Zhang,
  • Mu Yang,
  • Gareth Ambler,
  • Shuangfang Fang,
  • Qilin Yuan,
  • Yixian Zhang,
  • Nan Liu,
  • Houwei Du

摘要

Background

Whether physical activity (PA) levels relate to mortality in postmenopausal women remains not well understood.

Methods

We analyzed 5,880 postmenopausal women from NHANES 2007–2018 (median follow-up:77 months). PA—including total PA (TPA), leisure-time PA (LTPA), and occupational PA (OPA)—was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and expressed as metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-minutes/week. TPA was classified as no, insufficiently active (< 600), or sufficiently active (≥ 600), while LTPA and OPA were classified as no, low (< 600), or high (≥ 600). Weighted proportional hazards Cox models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses examined associations with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and non-CVD mortality.

Results

During follow-up, 718 deaths occurred (215 CVD, 503 non-CVD). Compared with no PA, insufficiently and sufficiently active TPA were associated with reduced risks of all-cause, CVD, and non-CVD mortality; both low and high LTPA with reduced risks of all-cause and non-CVD mortality; and low OPA with reduced risks of all-cause and non-CVD mortality. RCS analyses showed linear inverse associations for TPA and non-linear inverse associations for LTPA with all-cause and non-CVD mortality, while OPA showed no significant associations. Tests for trend were significant for TPA in relation to all-cause and non-CVD mortality, and for LTPA across all three outcomes. Sensitivity analyses excluding early deaths yielded similar results.

Conclusions

Higher TPA and LTPA were associated with reduced risks of all-cause and non-CVD mortality among postmenopausal women. Promoting adequate PA, particularly moving from inactivity to modest levels, may be an effective strategy to support healthy aging in this population.