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Background <p>Pediatric liquid medications have been associated with adverse effects on dental hard tissues, particularly due to their physicochemical properties and frequent use. This study aimed to evaluate the erosive effects of commonly used pediatric liquid medications—including antibiotics, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, iron, and vitamin D supplements—on primary tooth enamel during early childhood.</p> Methods <p>This randomized controlled in vitro experimental study included 65 extracted maxillary primary incisors randomly assigned to five groups (<i>n</i> = 13). The pH, titratable acidity (TA), and buffering capacity (BC) of the medications were measured. Half of each specimen was coated with acid-resistant nail varnish to serve as a control surface. Specimens were exposed to the medications for 28 days at clinically relevant dosing intervals (6–24&#xa0;h). Surface roughness (Ra) was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical analyses were performed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, paired-samples t-test, and Kruskal–Wallis H test (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Results <p>All tested medications showed a statistically significant increase in surface roughness compared with the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed between Largopen, Ibufen, and Calpol (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05); however, these medications produced significantly higher roughness values than Ferrum and Devit-3 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). No significant correlation was found between pH, TA, BC, and changes in surface roughness (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p> Conclusions <p>Frequent use of pediatric liquid medications may contribute to enamel surface alterations in primary teeth. When prescribing such medications, clinicians should consider physicochemical properties (pH, TA, BC, sugar content, and viscosity) as well as the frequency of intake. Educating healthcare professionals and caregivers about these effects is essential for protecting children’s oral health.</p>

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Evaluation of the erosive effect of commonly used pediatric liquid medications in early childhood on primary tooth enamel: an in-vitro study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Tuğba Codal Erşahin,
  • Özlem Beren Satılmış,
  • Nurhan Özalp

摘要

Background

Pediatric liquid medications have been associated with adverse effects on dental hard tissues, particularly due to their physicochemical properties and frequent use. This study aimed to evaluate the erosive effects of commonly used pediatric liquid medications—including antibiotics, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, iron, and vitamin D supplements—on primary tooth enamel during early childhood.

Methods

This randomized controlled in vitro experimental study included 65 extracted maxillary primary incisors randomly assigned to five groups (n = 13). The pH, titratable acidity (TA), and buffering capacity (BC) of the medications were measured. Half of each specimen was coated with acid-resistant nail varnish to serve as a control surface. Specimens were exposed to the medications for 28 days at clinically relevant dosing intervals (6–24 h). Surface roughness (Ra) was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical analyses were performed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, paired-samples t-test, and Kruskal–Wallis H test (p < 0.05).

Results

All tested medications showed a statistically significant increase in surface roughness compared with the control group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between Largopen, Ibufen, and Calpol (p > 0.05); however, these medications produced significantly higher roughness values than Ferrum and Devit-3 (p < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between pH, TA, BC, and changes in surface roughness (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Frequent use of pediatric liquid medications may contribute to enamel surface alterations in primary teeth. When prescribing such medications, clinicians should consider physicochemical properties (pH, TA, BC, sugar content, and viscosity) as well as the frequency of intake. Educating healthcare professionals and caregivers about these effects is essential for protecting children’s oral health.