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Background <p>The purpose of the study was to evaluate the behavioural assessment using the schizophrenia oral health profile (SOHP) scale and examine the oral health status using Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth (DMFT), Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Loss of attachment (LOA) indices, and correlate the behaviour with oral health and determine an association between behavioural assessment and oral health status.</p> Methods <p>This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 74 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), comprising both inpatients and outpatients receiving treatment at the Department of Psychiatry in a randomly selected hospital in Tamil Nadu, India. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling method through the lottery technique for data collection. Demographic data were collected using a structured form. The Schizophrenia–Oral Health Profile (SOHP) questionnaire was administered to all participants to determine their self-perceived oral health status. The participants’ dental (OHI-S, DMFT, CPI, LOA) status was subsequently analysed in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, using the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests.</p> Results <p>Among the 74 participants, the majority demonstrated fair oral hygiene habits (83.8%). The experience of dental caries was low to moderate overall, while periodontal disease showed a high prevalence of calculus and periodontal pockets. In this regard, a significant number of patients had a probing depth of ≥ 4&#xa0;mm and attachment loss of ≥ 4&#xa0;mm. No significant gender differences were observed in the oral health indices or SOHP scores (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). However, significant differences were found across age groups for the OHI-S, DMFT, CPI, LOA, and SOHP scores (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). SOHP scores showed a significant positive correlation with DMFT (<i>r</i> = 0.326, <i>p</i> = 0.005) and LOA (<i>r</i> = 0.411, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and a negative correlation with CPI (<i>r</i> = − 0.465, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>Individuals with schizophrenia exhibited a considerable burden of dental caries and periodontal disease, with behavioural determinants significantly associated with oral health outcomes. These findings highlight incorporating routine oral health screening and validated behavioural tools such as SOHP into psychiatric care protocols to enable earlier identification of high-risk patients and timely dental referral.</p>

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Behavioural influences on oral health status among individuals with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • Harsika Kesavan,
  • Sibyl Siluvai,
  • Indumathi K. P.,
  • Krishnaprakash G.,
  • Arul Saravanan Ramachandran,
  • A. V. Saravanan,
  • Raghul Gandhi Venkatesan

摘要

Background

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the behavioural assessment using the schizophrenia oral health profile (SOHP) scale and examine the oral health status using Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth (DMFT), Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Loss of attachment (LOA) indices, and correlate the behaviour with oral health and determine an association between behavioural assessment and oral health status.

Methods

This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 74 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), comprising both inpatients and outpatients receiving treatment at the Department of Psychiatry in a randomly selected hospital in Tamil Nadu, India. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling method through the lottery technique for data collection. Demographic data were collected using a structured form. The Schizophrenia–Oral Health Profile (SOHP) questionnaire was administered to all participants to determine their self-perceived oral health status. The participants’ dental (OHI-S, DMFT, CPI, LOA) status was subsequently analysed in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, using the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results

Among the 74 participants, the majority demonstrated fair oral hygiene habits (83.8%). The experience of dental caries was low to moderate overall, while periodontal disease showed a high prevalence of calculus and periodontal pockets. In this regard, a significant number of patients had a probing depth of ≥ 4 mm and attachment loss of ≥ 4 mm. No significant gender differences were observed in the oral health indices or SOHP scores (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were found across age groups for the OHI-S, DMFT, CPI, LOA, and SOHP scores (p < 0.05). SOHP scores showed a significant positive correlation with DMFT (r = 0.326, p = 0.005) and LOA (r = 0.411, p < 0.001), and a negative correlation with CPI (r = − 0.465, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Individuals with schizophrenia exhibited a considerable burden of dental caries and periodontal disease, with behavioural determinants significantly associated with oral health outcomes. These findings highlight incorporating routine oral health screening and validated behavioural tools such as SOHP into psychiatric care protocols to enable earlier identification of high-risk patients and timely dental referral.