Background <p>Detailed knowledge of root and canal morphology is essential for successful endodontic treatment. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) allows accurate three-dimensional evaluation of anatomical features and variations.</p> Objective <p>To describe the root and canal morphology of 1,008 permanent mandibular anterior teeth in a Chilean subpopulation using CBCT, and to classify canal configurations according to an alphanumeric coding system.</p> Methods <p>A total of 168 CBCT scans from patients aged 15–75 years were retrospectively analyzed. The number of roots and canals, root and corono-radicular lengths, and bilateral symmetry were assessed in 336 mandibular central incisors, 336 mandibular lateral incisors, and 336 mandibular canines. Root canal configurations were classified using an alphanumeric coding system.</p> Results <p>All mandibular incisors presented a single root (100%), while 1.5% of mandibular canines exhibited two roots. The most common canal configuration was a single canal (¹ TN ¹⁻¹), observed in 69.3% of central incisors, 68.4% of lateral incisors, and 90.8% of canines. Complex configurations, including ¹ TN ^1–2−1 and ¹ TN ²⁻¹, were also identified. Bilateral symmetry was recorded in 82.7% of central incisors, 82.1% of lateral incisors, and 86.9% of canines.</p> Conclusions <p>In this Chilean subpopulation, mandibular anterior teeth predominantly exhibited a single root and a simple canal configuration, with a smaller proportion showing complex anatomies.</p>