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Background <p>Information about recently introduced calcium silicate-based materials and their bond performance to coronal dentin after adhesive exposure is limited. The aim of this study was to determine whether dentin adhesive applied 1&#xa0;h or 3 days after placing calcium silicate-based materials adversely affects their push-out bond strength (POBS) to dentin.</p> Methods <p>TheraCal PT (TC) and three premixed-type calcium silicate-based cements (CSBCs) ̶ Endocem MTA Premixed Heavy (EC), One-Fil Putty (OF), and BC Universal RRM (RM) ̶ were tested. Two coronal dentin discs with a thickness of 1&#xa0;mm were obtained from each of 23 extracted human molars. The final total was 45 discs after excluding one that was damaged during preparation. Four cylindrical cavities were drilled in each dentin disc. The cavities of all dentin discs were filled with four calcium silicate-based materials, then grouped according to dentin adhesive application timing as early, delayed, or no adhesive (control). Prime &amp; Bond Universal dentin adhesive was applied above the calcium silicate-based material after 1&#xa0;h (early) and 3 days (delayed), respectively. After 7 days, POBS was measured with a universal testing machine. Five additional specimens were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis tests with Bonferroni post-hoc correction (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p> Results <p>Adhesive application at 1&#xa0;h after premixed CSBC placement significantly reduced the POBS of EC compared with the control (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The POBS of TC remained high regardless of adhesive application. The SEM-EDS findings revealed dense polygonal crystalline structures in the control, whereas the delayed group had a mixture of these crystals and the adhesive layer. However, the adhesive penetrated the premixed-type CBSC, leaving visible filler particles on the surface of the early groups.</p> Conclusions <p>Within the limitations of this experimental design, adhesive application 1&#xa0;h after placing premixed CSBC adversely affected the 7-day POBS of EC. The POBS was higher for TheraCal PT than premixed-type CSBCs when evaluated using Prime &amp; Bond Universal in self-etch mode after storage for 7 days.</p>

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Effects of adhesive application timing on the push-out bond strength of four calcium silicate-based cements: a comparative study in vitro

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月15日

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  • JeeWoo Son,
  • Goun Yoo,
  • Ji-Hyun Jang,
  • Hyun-Jung Kim,
  • Seok Woo Chang,
  • Shin Hye Chung,
  • Soram Oh

摘要

Background

Information about recently introduced calcium silicate-based materials and their bond performance to coronal dentin after adhesive exposure is limited. The aim of this study was to determine whether dentin adhesive applied 1 h or 3 days after placing calcium silicate-based materials adversely affects their push-out bond strength (POBS) to dentin.

Methods

TheraCal PT (TC) and three premixed-type calcium silicate-based cements (CSBCs) ̶ Endocem MTA Premixed Heavy (EC), One-Fil Putty (OF), and BC Universal RRM (RM) ̶ were tested. Two coronal dentin discs with a thickness of 1 mm were obtained from each of 23 extracted human molars. The final total was 45 discs after excluding one that was damaged during preparation. Four cylindrical cavities were drilled in each dentin disc. The cavities of all dentin discs were filled with four calcium silicate-based materials, then grouped according to dentin adhesive application timing as early, delayed, or no adhesive (control). Prime & Bond Universal dentin adhesive was applied above the calcium silicate-based material after 1 h (early) and 3 days (delayed), respectively. After 7 days, POBS was measured with a universal testing machine. Five additional specimens were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis tests with Bonferroni post-hoc correction (α = 0.05).

Results

Adhesive application at 1 h after premixed CSBC placement significantly reduced the POBS of EC compared with the control (P < 0.05). The POBS of TC remained high regardless of adhesive application. The SEM-EDS findings revealed dense polygonal crystalline structures in the control, whereas the delayed group had a mixture of these crystals and the adhesive layer. However, the adhesive penetrated the premixed-type CBSC, leaving visible filler particles on the surface of the early groups.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this experimental design, adhesive application 1 h after placing premixed CSBC adversely affected the 7-day POBS of EC. The POBS was higher for TheraCal PT than premixed-type CSBCs when evaluated using Prime & Bond Universal in self-etch mode after storage for 7 days.