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Background <p>Retreatment in curved root canals, particularly achieving complete canal cleanliness, remains a clinical challenge and an ongoing subject of investigation. This study evaluated the efficiency of sonically activated irrigation (EDDY) and diode laser–activated irrigation (DL) in removing filling material from simulated curved canals.</p> Methods <p>Thirty-three J-shaped resin blocks were instrumented to 25/06 apical size and obturated with single-cone resin sealer and gutta-percha. Retreatment was performed using ProTaper Universal Retreatment files. Samples were allocated to needle irrigation (NI, control), EDDY, or diode laser (DL) groups. NI and EDDY protocols were applied for 3 × 20&#xa0;s, while the DL protocol consisted of four 5-second activation cycles. Sections at apical (2&#xa0;mm), middle (6&#xa0;mm), and coronal (10&#xa0;mm) levels were examined at ×40 magnification. ImageJ, image analysis software was used to calculate the percentage of remaining obturation material. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05).</p> Results <p>EDDY achieved significantly superior cleaning at the apical 2&#xa0;mm and middle 6&#xa0;mm levels compared with both NI and DL (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). DL showed no significantly better cleaning efficiency than NI at any level (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). In both NI and DL groups, filling material removal effectiveness differed significantly among the apical, middle, and coronal thirds (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In the coronal third, no statistically significant differences were observed among all groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>Although none of the methods achieved the complete removal of filling materials, EDDY was significantly more effective than needle irrigation and diode laser activation in the apical and middle region of curved canals. These findings suggest that, to significantly improve apical cleanliness, clinicians should consider sonic activation during retreatment in curved canals.</p>

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Comparison of diode laser and sonic activation in the removal of root canal filling material from curved canals: an in-vitro study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Zübeyde Gökçe Ürün,
  • Barış Ürün,
  • Özgür Tosun

摘要

Background

Retreatment in curved root canals, particularly achieving complete canal cleanliness, remains a clinical challenge and an ongoing subject of investigation. This study evaluated the efficiency of sonically activated irrigation (EDDY) and diode laser–activated irrigation (DL) in removing filling material from simulated curved canals.

Methods

Thirty-three J-shaped resin blocks were instrumented to 25/06 apical size and obturated with single-cone resin sealer and gutta-percha. Retreatment was performed using ProTaper Universal Retreatment files. Samples were allocated to needle irrigation (NI, control), EDDY, or diode laser (DL) groups. NI and EDDY protocols were applied for 3 × 20 s, while the DL protocol consisted of four 5-second activation cycles. Sections at apical (2 mm), middle (6 mm), and coronal (10 mm) levels were examined at ×40 magnification. ImageJ, image analysis software was used to calculate the percentage of remaining obturation material. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used (p ≤ 0.05).

Results

EDDY achieved significantly superior cleaning at the apical 2 mm and middle 6 mm levels compared with both NI and DL (p < 0.001). DL showed no significantly better cleaning efficiency than NI at any level (p > 0.05). In both NI and DL groups, filling material removal effectiveness differed significantly among the apical, middle, and coronal thirds (p < 0.05). In the coronal third, no statistically significant differences were observed among all groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Although none of the methods achieved the complete removal of filling materials, EDDY was significantly more effective than needle irrigation and diode laser activation in the apical and middle region of curved canals. These findings suggest that, to significantly improve apical cleanliness, clinicians should consider sonic activation during retreatment in curved canals.