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Background <p>Emerging evidence links oral bacterial microbiota dysbiosis to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, the oral mycobiome in CCA patients remains unexplored. This study aimed to characterize the oral mycobiome in CCA.</p> Methods <p>Saliva samples were collected from CCA patients and healthy controls (HCs). ITS rRNA sequencing was performed to analyze microbial diversity, community composition, and function prediction. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to explore the associations between fungi and bacteria, and key clinical indicators.</p> Results <p>A total of 132 HC and 72 CCA saliva samples were included. Compared with the HCs, the CCA group exhibited reduced oral mycobiome diversity. The CCA group was enriched with nine genera, including <i>Candida</i>, <i>Komagataella</i> and <i>Ascomycota_gen_Incertae_sedi</i>, while the HC group was enriched with 36 genera, such as <i>Fungi_gen_Incertae_sedis</i>, <i>Bipolaris</i> and <i>Cryptococcus</i>. Correlation analysis revealed significant alterations in the oral bacteria-fungi interaction network in CCA. The diagnostic model based on five ASVs demonstrated high accuracy, with AUC values of 99.91% in the discovery phase and 98.33% in the validation phase.</p> Conclusions <p>This study is first to reveal the characteristics of the oral mycobiome in CCA, identify its closely association with oral bacteria, and suggest the potential of the oral fungi for non-invasive diagnosis of CCA.</p>

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Alterations of the oral mycobiome in patients with CCA

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Tong Ren,
  • Bohan Jia,
  • Benchen Rao,
  • Haiyu Wang,
  • Shanshuo Liu,
  • Mengzhao Yang,
  • Zecheng Yang,
  • Yarong Ma,
  • Yanqiu Fu,
  • Wenlong Di,
  • Zujiang Yu,
  • Zhigang Ren

摘要

Background

Emerging evidence links oral bacterial microbiota dysbiosis to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, the oral mycobiome in CCA patients remains unexplored. This study aimed to characterize the oral mycobiome in CCA.

Methods

Saliva samples were collected from CCA patients and healthy controls (HCs). ITS rRNA sequencing was performed to analyze microbial diversity, community composition, and function prediction. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to explore the associations between fungi and bacteria, and key clinical indicators.

Results

A total of 132 HC and 72 CCA saliva samples were included. Compared with the HCs, the CCA group exhibited reduced oral mycobiome diversity. The CCA group was enriched with nine genera, including Candida, Komagataella and Ascomycota_gen_Incertae_sedi, while the HC group was enriched with 36 genera, such as Fungi_gen_Incertae_sedis, Bipolaris and Cryptococcus. Correlation analysis revealed significant alterations in the oral bacteria-fungi interaction network in CCA. The diagnostic model based on five ASVs demonstrated high accuracy, with AUC values of 99.91% in the discovery phase and 98.33% in the validation phase.

Conclusions

This study is first to reveal the characteristics of the oral mycobiome in CCA, identify its closely association with oral bacteria, and suggest the potential of the oral fungi for non-invasive diagnosis of CCA.