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Objective <p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various preheating methods applied to bulk-fill composite resins on temperature changes within the pulp chamber.</p> Materials and Methods <p>Ten sound human molars were used. Each tooth was sectioned 2&#xa0;mm apical to the cementoenamel junction, and the occlusal surface was flattened to leave a 2&#xa0;mm dentin thickness. Four bulk-fill composite resins were applied at five temperatures (24&#xa0;°C, 37&#xa0;°C, 54&#xa0;°C, 65&#xa0;°C, and 68&#xa0;°C) and polymerized using an LED curing unit. Intrapulpal temperature changes were measured with a K-type thermocouple connected to a data logger in a setup simulating pulpal microcirculation. In total, twenty measurements were taken per tooth under each condition. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD tests (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Results <p>The highest intrapulpal temperature increase was observed at 65&#xa0;°C in all groups using the VisCalor dispenser. The critical temperature threshold was not exceeded in any sample. Significant differences were found between certain temperatures within individual resin groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), particularly at 65&#xa0;°C compared to lower temperatures. However, no statistically significant differences were found between different resin types at the same temperatures (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>Preheating of bulk-fill composite resins led to an increase in intrapulpal temperature; however, this rise remained below the threshold that could cause irreversible pulpal damage.</p> Clinical relevance <p>Preheating bulk-fill composites enhances handling and adaptation but may increase intrapulpal temperature. In this study, the temperature rise remained below the critical threshold, suggesting that the procedure is clinically safe.</p>

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The effect of di̇fferent preheati̇ng methods on the intrapulpal temperature of bulk-fi̇ll composi̇te resi̇ns

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Hilal Ateş,
  • Merve İşcan Yapar

摘要

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various preheating methods applied to bulk-fill composite resins on temperature changes within the pulp chamber.

Materials and Methods

Ten sound human molars were used. Each tooth was sectioned 2 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction, and the occlusal surface was flattened to leave a 2 mm dentin thickness. Four bulk-fill composite resins were applied at five temperatures (24 °C, 37 °C, 54 °C, 65 °C, and 68 °C) and polymerized using an LED curing unit. Intrapulpal temperature changes were measured with a K-type thermocouple connected to a data logger in a setup simulating pulpal microcirculation. In total, twenty measurements were taken per tooth under each condition. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD tests (p < 0.05).

Results

The highest intrapulpal temperature increase was observed at 65 °C in all groups using the VisCalor dispenser. The critical temperature threshold was not exceeded in any sample. Significant differences were found between certain temperatures within individual resin groups (p < 0.05), particularly at 65 °C compared to lower temperatures. However, no statistically significant differences were found between different resin types at the same temperatures (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Preheating of bulk-fill composite resins led to an increase in intrapulpal temperature; however, this rise remained below the threshold that could cause irreversible pulpal damage.

Clinical relevance

Preheating bulk-fill composites enhances handling and adaptation but may increase intrapulpal temperature. In this study, the temperature rise remained below the critical threshold, suggesting that the procedure is clinically safe.