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Background <p>Removable dentures are one of the common treatment modalities used to restore missing teeth. Denture stomatitis, caused by the adhesion of Candida albicans, is considered a major complication of these prostheses. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of adding Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) on the surface roughness (Ra, µm), color change (∆E*), and Candida albicans adhesion in 3D-printed denture base resins (PDBRs).</p> Methods <p>Three concentrations (0.3%,0,6%, and 0.9%wt.) of HNTs were added to two PDBRs, ASIGA and NextDent, while the control group remained without HNTs addition. The specimens were printed in a disk shape (15 × 2&#xa0;mm). After printing, specimens were thermocycled (5000 cycles). Surface roughness was measured using a non-contact profilometer. Color change (∆E*) was measured using the Commission International de l’Eclairage (CIE) system coordinates (L*, a*, b*) method. <i>C. albicans</i> adhesion was evaluated using a colony-forming unit (CFU/mL). The collected data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and a post-hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05).</p> Results <p>The addition of HNTs showed no significant difference in surface roughness between all tested groups (P ˃0.05). Adding HNTs resulted in a slight color change at 0.3% and 0.6%, while 0.9% significantly increased the color change (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) with a noticeable difference. Adding HNTs significantly decreased the <i>C. albicans</i> adhesion to PDBRs compared to pure resins (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Regarding the concentration effect, the effect was concentration-dependent, with 0.9% showing the lowest Candida colony count for ASIGA resin (1018.9 ± 80.0) and NextDent resins (911.1 ± 89.3).</p> Conclusion <p>Adding HNTs to PDBRs did not change the surface roughness and significantly decreased <i>C. albicans</i> adhesion. The color was changed with HNTs to noticeable with 0.9%HNTs. Due to the antifungal activities of PDBRs containing HNTs, these PDBRs could be recommended as a method for preventing denture stomatitis.</p>

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Antifungal activities, surface roughness, and color change of 3D printed resins containing halloysite nanotubes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月6日

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  • Yousif A. Al-Dulaijan,
  • Ali Alkhathami,
  • Shahad T. Alameer,
  • Turki Alshehri,
  • Mohammed Alotaibi,
  • Soban Q. Khan,
  • Sultan Akhtar,
  • Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad,
  • Mohammed M. Gad

摘要

Background

Removable dentures are one of the common treatment modalities used to restore missing teeth. Denture stomatitis, caused by the adhesion of Candida albicans, is considered a major complication of these prostheses. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of adding Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) on the surface roughness (Ra, µm), color change (∆E*), and Candida albicans adhesion in 3D-printed denture base resins (PDBRs).

Methods

Three concentrations (0.3%,0,6%, and 0.9%wt.) of HNTs were added to two PDBRs, ASIGA and NextDent, while the control group remained without HNTs addition. The specimens were printed in a disk shape (15 × 2 mm). After printing, specimens were thermocycled (5000 cycles). Surface roughness was measured using a non-contact profilometer. Color change (∆E*) was measured using the Commission International de l’Eclairage (CIE) system coordinates (L*, a*, b*) method. C. albicans adhesion was evaluated using a colony-forming unit (CFU/mL). The collected data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and a post-hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05).

Results

The addition of HNTs showed no significant difference in surface roughness between all tested groups (P ˃0.05). Adding HNTs resulted in a slight color change at 0.3% and 0.6%, while 0.9% significantly increased the color change (P < 0.001) with a noticeable difference. Adding HNTs significantly decreased the C. albicans adhesion to PDBRs compared to pure resins (P < 0.001). Regarding the concentration effect, the effect was concentration-dependent, with 0.9% showing the lowest Candida colony count for ASIGA resin (1018.9 ± 80.0) and NextDent resins (911.1 ± 89.3).

Conclusion

Adding HNTs to PDBRs did not change the surface roughness and significantly decreased C. albicans adhesion. The color was changed with HNTs to noticeable with 0.9%HNTs. Due to the antifungal activities of PDBRs containing HNTs, these PDBRs could be recommended as a method for preventing denture stomatitis.