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Background <p>Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of musculoskeletal conditions characterized by orofacial pain and functional impairments. The Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS) is a patient-reported outcome measure recommended by the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. The aim of the study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the JFLS for the Arabic language and to test its validity and reliability in Egyptian patients with TMDs.</p> Methods <p>The JFLS was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Modern Standard Arabic according to standard guidelines. The construct validity was assessed in 54 patients with TMD who completed the Arabic versions of JFLS (JFLS-Ar), the Arabic version of Oral Health Impact Profile 5 (OHIP5-Ar), and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Test–retest reliability was estimated in 30 participants who completed the JFLS-Ar again within seven days. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to determine the internal consistency of the items in the JFLS-Ar.</p> Results <p>The total score (0–200) of the JFLS-Ar showed moderate correlations with both OHIP5-Ar (ρ = 0.58, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and NPRS (ρ = 0.56, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The global score (average of the three domain scores, 0–10) showed moderate correlations with both OHIP5-Ar (ρ = 0.56, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and NPRS (ρ = 0.56, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The short form global score (average of 8 specific items, 0–10) showed moderate correlations with both OHIP5-Ar (ρ = 0.61, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and NPRS (ρ = 0.6, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The total score showed excellent test–retest reliability with an ICC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.99), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) of 6.17, and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) of 17.1. The global score showed excellent test–retest reliability with an ICC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93–0.98), SEM of 0.38, and MDC of 1.06. The short form global score showed excellent test–retest reliability with an ICC of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98–0.995), SEM of 0.2, and MDC of 0.55. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the 20-item JFLS-Ar and the 8‐item JFLS-Ar was 0.938 and 0.852, respectively.</p> Conclusions <p>The JFLS-Ar represents a valid and reliable instrument for use in Arabic-speaking patients with TMDs.</p>

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Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS-Ar) in patients with temporomandibular disorders

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Hosny Elkhawaga,
  • Abdallah Gamiel,
  • Mohamed Badr,
  • Doaa Ahmed Haridy,
  • Aya Abdelhamied Khalil

摘要

Background

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of musculoskeletal conditions characterized by orofacial pain and functional impairments. The Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS) is a patient-reported outcome measure recommended by the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. The aim of the study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the JFLS for the Arabic language and to test its validity and reliability in Egyptian patients with TMDs.

Methods

The JFLS was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Modern Standard Arabic according to standard guidelines. The construct validity was assessed in 54 patients with TMD who completed the Arabic versions of JFLS (JFLS-Ar), the Arabic version of Oral Health Impact Profile 5 (OHIP5-Ar), and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Test–retest reliability was estimated in 30 participants who completed the JFLS-Ar again within seven days. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to determine the internal consistency of the items in the JFLS-Ar.

Results

The total score (0–200) of the JFLS-Ar showed moderate correlations with both OHIP5-Ar (ρ = 0.58, p < 0.001) and NPRS (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.001). The global score (average of the three domain scores, 0–10) showed moderate correlations with both OHIP5-Ar (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.001) and NPRS (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.001). The short form global score (average of 8 specific items, 0–10) showed moderate correlations with both OHIP5-Ar (ρ = 0.61, p < 0.001) and NPRS (ρ = 0.6, p < 0.001). The total score showed excellent test–retest reliability with an ICC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.99), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) of 6.17, and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) of 17.1. The global score showed excellent test–retest reliability with an ICC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93–0.98), SEM of 0.38, and MDC of 1.06. The short form global score showed excellent test–retest reliability with an ICC of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98–0.995), SEM of 0.2, and MDC of 0.55. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the 20-item JFLS-Ar and the 8‐item JFLS-Ar was 0.938 and 0.852, respectively.

Conclusions

The JFLS-Ar represents a valid and reliable instrument for use in Arabic-speaking patients with TMDs.