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Background <p>In addition to its classic effect of lactation, prolactin (PRL) has begun to attract attention for its non-classic effects, particularly on the immune system.</p> Objective <p>This study aimed to compare the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), thyroid autoantibodies, and thyroid function tests (TFTs) in patients with hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) of at least 25 ng/ml and in healthy controls with PRL of less than 25 ng/ml. We conducted a retrospective case-control study at a single tertiary referral center. All study participants underwent measurement of antibodies to thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), TSH, and fT4 levels, as well as ultrasonographic thyroid pattern assessment.</p> Results <p>The AITD rate was found to be 33.5% in those with PRL ≥ 25. In the healthy control group, this rate was 23.5%, and this difference was statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Among those with PRL ≥ 25, anti-TPO and anti-Tg levels, as well as TSH levels, were significantly higher, and sT4 levels were significantly lower compared to the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). There was a positive relationship between PRL levels and TSH, anti-Tg, and anti-TPO levels, while there was a negative relationship with sT4 levels, all of which were statistically significant but relatively weak. The ROC analysis revealed that the PRL level was 21.77 ng/mL for detecting anti-TPO positivity and anti-Tg positivity; the cut-off value was determined to be 21.92 ng/mL.</p> Conclusions <p>There is an increase in the frequency of AITD and thyroid autoantibodies in HPRL patients. We can conclude that exceeding the PRL threshold value increases the risk.</p> Clinical trial number <p>Not applicable.</p>

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Autoimmune thyroid disease—is high prolactin a risk factor?

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Seher Çetinkaya Altuntaş,
  • Gamze Kocaman,
  • Ali Erol,
  • Emre Dökmetaş,
  • Muhammed Gündoğdu,
  • Asiye Arı,
  • Hande Özgen

摘要

Background

In addition to its classic effect of lactation, prolactin (PRL) has begun to attract attention for its non-classic effects, particularly on the immune system.

Objective

This study aimed to compare the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), thyroid autoantibodies, and thyroid function tests (TFTs) in patients with hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) of at least 25 ng/ml and in healthy controls with PRL of less than 25 ng/ml. We conducted a retrospective case-control study at a single tertiary referral center. All study participants underwent measurement of antibodies to thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), TSH, and fT4 levels, as well as ultrasonographic thyroid pattern assessment.

Results

The AITD rate was found to be 33.5% in those with PRL ≥ 25. In the healthy control group, this rate was 23.5%, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.006). Among those with PRL ≥ 25, anti-TPO and anti-Tg levels, as well as TSH levels, were significantly higher, and sT4 levels were significantly lower compared to the control group (p < 0.001). There was a positive relationship between PRL levels and TSH, anti-Tg, and anti-TPO levels, while there was a negative relationship with sT4 levels, all of which were statistically significant but relatively weak. The ROC analysis revealed that the PRL level was 21.77 ng/mL for detecting anti-TPO positivity and anti-Tg positivity; the cut-off value was determined to be 21.92 ng/mL.

Conclusions

There is an increase in the frequency of AITD and thyroid autoantibodies in HPRL patients. We can conclude that exceeding the PRL threshold value increases the risk.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.