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Background <p>Despite apparent cure after treatment of localized prostate cancer (PC), a significant proportion of patients who undergo radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT) will experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) within 10 years. This study was conducted to evaluate the main aspects of BCR after primary definitive treatment in a real-world setting in Brazil.</p> Methods <p>In this retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study, data were extracted from electronic medical records of patients aged ≥18 years with PC, treated at one clinical site in Brazil, who underwent definitive curative-intent treatment during January 1, 2005–December 31, 2018. The primary objective was to estimate 5-year BCR rate, defined per European Association of Urology (EAU) criteria as PSA &gt;0.2 ng/mL after RP, or PSA nadir + 2 ng/mL above nadir after RT.</p> Results <p>Of 971 patients included, 131 (13.5%) experienced BCR within 5 years. Of these, 48 (36.6%) patients underwent RP as primary definitive treatment; 33 (25.2%) underwent RT. Of 5-year BCR patients, 40 (30.5%) underwent computed tomography, and 27 (20.6%) underwent bone scintigraphy. In addition, 69 (52.7%) were deemed non-metastatic hormone-sensitive PC (nmHSPC; 29 high risk, 33 low risk) and 30 (22.9%) were diagnosed with metastatic hormone-sensitive PC (mHSPC). The median time from definitive treatment to BCR was shorter for patients with high-risk BCR nmHSPC than low-risk BCR (27.7 vs 37.0 months, respectively).</p> Conclusions <p>This retrospective cohort study provides the first real-world characterisation of BCR after definitive treatment in Brazil, demonstrating that patients with high-risk nmHSPC BCR experienced earlier recurrence and shorter time to first-line treatment than low-risk patients. These data highlight the need for improved post-treatment monitoring and earlier therapeutic intervention in high-risk BCR populations in Brazil.</p>

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Biochemical recurrence following definitive treatment of prostate cancer in Brazil: a retrospective cohort study

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月13日

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  • Murilo de Almeida Luz,
  • Jonatas Pereira,
  • Ronald Kool,
  • Wagner Eduardo Matheus,
  • Roberto Soler,
  • Marcos Freire,
  • Giovanni Bomfim,
  • Sarah Carolina Gonçalves

摘要

Background

Despite apparent cure after treatment of localized prostate cancer (PC), a significant proportion of patients who undergo radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT) will experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) within 10 years. This study was conducted to evaluate the main aspects of BCR after primary definitive treatment in a real-world setting in Brazil.

Methods

In this retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study, data were extracted from electronic medical records of patients aged ≥18 years with PC, treated at one clinical site in Brazil, who underwent definitive curative-intent treatment during January 1, 2005–December 31, 2018. The primary objective was to estimate 5-year BCR rate, defined per European Association of Urology (EAU) criteria as PSA >0.2 ng/mL after RP, or PSA nadir + 2 ng/mL above nadir after RT.

Results

Of 971 patients included, 131 (13.5%) experienced BCR within 5 years. Of these, 48 (36.6%) patients underwent RP as primary definitive treatment; 33 (25.2%) underwent RT. Of 5-year BCR patients, 40 (30.5%) underwent computed tomography, and 27 (20.6%) underwent bone scintigraphy. In addition, 69 (52.7%) were deemed non-metastatic hormone-sensitive PC (nmHSPC; 29 high risk, 33 low risk) and 30 (22.9%) were diagnosed with metastatic hormone-sensitive PC (mHSPC). The median time from definitive treatment to BCR was shorter for patients with high-risk BCR nmHSPC than low-risk BCR (27.7 vs 37.0 months, respectively).

Conclusions

This retrospective cohort study provides the first real-world characterisation of BCR after definitive treatment in Brazil, demonstrating that patients with high-risk nmHSPC BCR experienced earlier recurrence and shorter time to first-line treatment than low-risk patients. These data highlight the need for improved post-treatment monitoring and earlier therapeutic intervention in high-risk BCR populations in Brazil.