Objective <p>Evaluate the composition of kidney stones in patients undergoing surgical interventions at Binh Dan Hospital.</p> Subjects and methods <p>Patients undergoing surgical management for renal or ureteral calculi at Binh Dan Hospital between July 2023 and April 2025 were included. Stone composition was determined by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.</p> Results <p>A total of 765 stone units from 743 patients were analyzed. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy accounted for most procedures (86.01%), followed by retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (7.32%), semirigid ureterolithotripsy (5.10%), and open surgery (1.57%). The composition of the stones revealed that calcium oxalate stones were the most common at 63.4%, including whewellite (calcium oxalate monohydrate) at 51.9% and weddellite (calcium oxalate dihydrate) at 11.5%. Phosphate stones were the next most common, with dahllite (hydroxyapatite) accounting for 25.49% and brushite accounting for 0.52%. Among infection stones, truvite accounted for 3.4% and ammonium hydrogen urate accounted for 0.26%. Uric acid stones and the rare cystine stones accounted for 5.88% and 1.05%, respectively. The proportion of mixed stones in this study accounted for 58.56%. The combinations containing whewellite predominated, accounting for 86.13%. The combination of whewellite + weddellite + dahllite was the most prevalent, representing 31.76% of the cases.</p> Conclusion <p>Calcium oxalate was the most common stone type. Compared with global data, variations were observed only in selected stone components, suggesting possible regional influences.</p>