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Background <p>The surgical rate for distal radius fractures is steadily rising despite limited evidence of its benefits over non-surgical treatment. Using a natural experimental approach, we aimed to compare patient-reported outcomes following surgical versus non-surgical treatment of distal radius fractures.</p> Methods <p>Registered in the Swedish Fracture Register by 36 Swedish hospitals from 2013 to 2018, we included a cohort of 13,356 fractures on 13,031 patients aged 18&#xa0;years or older with distal radius fractures Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen (AO) 23-A2.1–2, A3, and C1-C3. The observational study utilized differences in the frequency of surgical treatment across hospitals as a source of random treatment assignment and a natural experiment. We assumed that all hospitals encountered a similar range of fractures each year. Therefore, the annual frequency of surgery per hospital was used as a proxy for randomization between surgical and nonsurgical treatment, regardless of each patient's actual treatment. The outcome was the individual Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) at 1&#xa0;year, with the Arm and Hand Function Index from the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) as the primary measure.</p> Results <p>The surgical rate per hospital year ranged from 7 to 66%. Surgical treatment was associated with lower Arm and Hand Function Index scores in comminuted intraarticular fractures of type C2 (11.9 units, <i>p =</i> 0.004) and type C3 (19.4 units, <i>p =</i> 0.029). There was a tendency for a positive association with surgical treatment in dorsally angulated extraarticular fractures (23A2.2), but the difference of 5.1 units (<i>p =</i> 0.079) was below the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID). In other extra-articular fractures (23-A2.1 and 23-A3) and simple intra-articular fractures (23-C1), the benefits of surgical treatment were small and also not statistically significant. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the study design, and all supported the primary results.</p> Conclusions <p>In this comparison of surgical and non-surgical treatment for distal radius fractures across hospitals with varying surgical rates, comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures (AO 23-C2/C3) treated surgically were associated with better one-year patient-reported outcomes than those treated non-surgically.</p>

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Surgical versus non-surgical treatment of intra-articular comminuted distal radius fractures (AO 23-C2/C3) is associated with better patient-reported outcomes: an instrumental variable analysis using a national Swedish cohort

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Albert Christersson,
  • Jonas Höijer,
  • Michael Möller,
  • Karl Michaëlsson

摘要

Background

The surgical rate for distal radius fractures is steadily rising despite limited evidence of its benefits over non-surgical treatment. Using a natural experimental approach, we aimed to compare patient-reported outcomes following surgical versus non-surgical treatment of distal radius fractures.

Methods

Registered in the Swedish Fracture Register by 36 Swedish hospitals from 2013 to 2018, we included a cohort of 13,356 fractures on 13,031 patients aged 18 years or older with distal radius fractures Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen (AO) 23-A2.1–2, A3, and C1-C3. The observational study utilized differences in the frequency of surgical treatment across hospitals as a source of random treatment assignment and a natural experiment. We assumed that all hospitals encountered a similar range of fractures each year. Therefore, the annual frequency of surgery per hospital was used as a proxy for randomization between surgical and nonsurgical treatment, regardless of each patient's actual treatment. The outcome was the individual Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) at 1 year, with the Arm and Hand Function Index from the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) as the primary measure.

Results

The surgical rate per hospital year ranged from 7 to 66%. Surgical treatment was associated with lower Arm and Hand Function Index scores in comminuted intraarticular fractures of type C2 (11.9 units, p = 0.004) and type C3 (19.4 units, p = 0.029). There was a tendency for a positive association with surgical treatment in dorsally angulated extraarticular fractures (23A2.2), but the difference of 5.1 units (p = 0.079) was below the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID). In other extra-articular fractures (23-A2.1 and 23-A3) and simple intra-articular fractures (23-C1), the benefits of surgical treatment were small and also not statistically significant. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the study design, and all supported the primary results.

Conclusions

In this comparison of surgical and non-surgical treatment for distal radius fractures across hospitals with varying surgical rates, comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures (AO 23-C2/C3) treated surgically were associated with better one-year patient-reported outcomes than those treated non-surgically.