Purpose <p>To investigate the effects of single session foam rolling of the biceps brachii on upper extremity sensorimotor function including elbow proprioception, strength, and functional motor performance in healthy individuals.</p> Methods <p>Sixty healthy participants (mean age = 21.53 ± 2.80 years) were randomly assigned into the foam rolling group (FRG, <i>n</i> = 30) (mean age = 22.10 ± 2.98 years) (a single session of foam rolling to the biceps brachii muscle) or control group (CG, <i>n</i> = 30) (mean age = 20.97 ± 2.52 years) (no application). Proprioception <b>[</b>joint position sense (JPS) with an inclinometer, force sense (force reproduction) with a hand-held dynamometer], muscle strength (biceps brachii muscle strength with a hand-held dynamometer), and functional motor performance [modified pull-up (MPU) test, closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability (CKCUES) test, and push-up test] were evaluated. Evaluations were done before and immediately after the single session application in a pretest-posttest design. We used the Student t-test to investigate between-group differences and we used the χ2 test for dichotomous data for analyses. We determined the significance level as <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p> Results <p>JPS (p_45°=0.70, p_60°=0.80, p_75°=0.09), force sense (<i>p</i> = 0.63), and muscle strength (<i>p</i> = 0.11) did not change after the single session of foam rolling (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Foam rolling did not affect the functional motor performance test (p_{CKCUES−average}=0.78; p_{CKCUES−score}=0.66; p_{CKCUES−power}=0.89; p_MPU=0.10; p_push−up=0.97) results (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p> Conclusions <p>Single session foam rolling of the biceps brachii has no effect on upper extremity sensorimotor function including elbow proprioception, strength, and upper extremity functional motor performance.</p> Trial registration <p>Clinical Trials- NCT03516149 (Date: 24/04/2018)</p>