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Background <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a significant public health challenge. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COPD across different altitudes and evaluate the potential influence of altitude on its prevalence of high-risk populations.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study employed a multi-stage randomized cluster sampling method and enrolled 11,095 adult residents aged ≥ 20 years at different elevations in Yunnan Province, China. Screening questionnaires identified high-risk individuals among participants, who then underwent pulmonary function tests. COPD was diagnosed based on post-bronchodilator test results. We utilized multivariate logistic regression models to examine the association between altitudes and COPD prevalence while controlling for demographic variables, lifestyle factors, and disease characteristics.</p> Results <p>A total of 2,252 (20.3%) were in the high-risk group. The prevalence of COPD in high-risk populations increased with age across low, intermediate, and high altitude areas. COPD patients in high-risk populations at high-altitude areas had a higher prevalence of ethnic minorities and significant biomass fuel exposure. Conversely, the proportion of COPD patients in the severe stages (GOLD III-IV) was notably lower in high-altitude regions. Logistic regression models revealed COPD prevalence in high-risk populations at high altitudes to be significantly lower than at low altitudes, with odds ratios of 0.538(95% <i>CI</i>: 0.343–0.844), 0.470(95% <i>CI</i>: 0.289–0.766), and 0.518 (95% <i>CI</i>: 0.316–0.848) for Models 1, 2, and 3, respectively (all <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>The prevalence of COPD in high-risk populations is the lowest in the high-altitude regions of Yunnan Province, and high altitude is an independent factor negatively associated with COPD.</p>

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Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in high-risk populations at low, intermediate, high altitudes: a population based cross-sectional study in Yunnan Province, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月18日

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  • Geyi Wen,
  • Jinliang Meng,
  • Huadan Wang,
  • Puxian Peng,
  • Yanyan Xu,
  • Ruiqi Wang,
  • Zhengmao Yan,
  • Bangyan Du,
  • Aihan Wen,
  • Guohong Luo,
  • Wenlong Cui,
  • Songyuan Tang,
  • Yunhui Zhang

摘要

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a significant public health challenge. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COPD across different altitudes and evaluate the potential influence of altitude on its prevalence of high-risk populations.

Methods

This cross-sectional study employed a multi-stage randomized cluster sampling method and enrolled 11,095 adult residents aged ≥ 20 years at different elevations in Yunnan Province, China. Screening questionnaires identified high-risk individuals among participants, who then underwent pulmonary function tests. COPD was diagnosed based on post-bronchodilator test results. We utilized multivariate logistic regression models to examine the association between altitudes and COPD prevalence while controlling for demographic variables, lifestyle factors, and disease characteristics.

Results

A total of 2,252 (20.3%) were in the high-risk group. The prevalence of COPD in high-risk populations increased with age across low, intermediate, and high altitude areas. COPD patients in high-risk populations at high-altitude areas had a higher prevalence of ethnic minorities and significant biomass fuel exposure. Conversely, the proportion of COPD patients in the severe stages (GOLD III-IV) was notably lower in high-altitude regions. Logistic regression models revealed COPD prevalence in high-risk populations at high altitudes to be significantly lower than at low altitudes, with odds ratios of 0.538(95% CI: 0.343–0.844), 0.470(95% CI: 0.289–0.766), and 0.518 (95% CI: 0.316–0.848) for Models 1, 2, and 3, respectively (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The prevalence of COPD in high-risk populations is the lowest in the high-altitude regions of Yunnan Province, and high altitude is an independent factor negatively associated with COPD.