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Objectives <p>To examine associations between parental weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and offspring BMI-defined overweight/obesity, MVPA guideline compliance, and physical fitness attainment, and to characterise dose–response patterns.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 18,479 linked parent–child dyads (Grades 4–12) from the Shanghai site of a school-based surveillance programme (2016–2020). Parents reported MVPA using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Child outcomes were BMI-defined overweight/obesity (WHO reference), MVPA guideline compliance (≥ 60&#xa0;min/day), and fitness attainment (Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard total score ≥ 80). Associations across parental MVPA quartiles (Q1 as reference) were estimated using logistic regression with cluster-robust standard errors to account for school-level clustering, adjusting for prespecified child and family covariates. Restricted cubic spline models were used to assess non-linearity and to visualize dose–response relationships.</p> Results <p>Overall, 26.1% of children were classified as overweight/obese. Higher parental MVPA was associated with lower odds of offspring overweight/obesity and higher odds of fitness attainment and MVPA compliance, with the strongest association observed for MVPA compliance in Q4 compared with Q1 (adjusted OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.04). For overweight/obesity, spline models showed no strong evidence of non-linearity (<i>p</i> = 0.17), suggesting that the association may be broadly compatible with a linear pattern, although lower estimated odds were observed above approximately 127&#xa0;min/week and attenuated around 560&#xa0;min/week. Fitness attainment and MVPA compliance demonstrated non-linear associations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with larger gains in child MVPA compliance at higher parental MVPA levels.</p> Conclusion <p>Higher parental MVPA was consistently associated with healthier offspring BMI status, higher likelihood of fitness attainment, and substantially greater likelihood of meeting MVPA guidelines, with suggestive dose–response patterns rather than statistically confirmed thresholds for all outcomes. Family-oriented strategies that help parents achieve at least moderate weekly MVPA may represent a scalable lever to improve child movement behaviors and related health indicators.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Association of parental moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with child overweight/obesity, physical fitness and MVPA guideline adherence: dose–response analyses among schoolchildren

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月13日

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  • Junyu Wang,
  • Yixin Liang,
  • Shengyong Wu,
  • Shenghui Guo,
  • Yong Yang,
  • Zheng Zhu,
  • Yang Liu,
  • ZhenBo Cao,
  • Yan Tang,
  • Peijie Chen,
  • Jie Zhuang

摘要

Objectives

To examine associations between parental weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and offspring BMI-defined overweight/obesity, MVPA guideline compliance, and physical fitness attainment, and to characterise dose–response patterns.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 18,479 linked parent–child dyads (Grades 4–12) from the Shanghai site of a school-based surveillance programme (2016–2020). Parents reported MVPA using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Child outcomes were BMI-defined overweight/obesity (WHO reference), MVPA guideline compliance (≥ 60 min/day), and fitness attainment (Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard total score ≥ 80). Associations across parental MVPA quartiles (Q1 as reference) were estimated using logistic regression with cluster-robust standard errors to account for school-level clustering, adjusting for prespecified child and family covariates. Restricted cubic spline models were used to assess non-linearity and to visualize dose–response relationships.

Results

Overall, 26.1% of children were classified as overweight/obese. Higher parental MVPA was associated with lower odds of offspring overweight/obesity and higher odds of fitness attainment and MVPA compliance, with the strongest association observed for MVPA compliance in Q4 compared with Q1 (adjusted OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.04). For overweight/obesity, spline models showed no strong evidence of non-linearity (p = 0.17), suggesting that the association may be broadly compatible with a linear pattern, although lower estimated odds were observed above approximately 127 min/week and attenuated around 560 min/week. Fitness attainment and MVPA compliance demonstrated non-linear associations (p < 0.001), with larger gains in child MVPA compliance at higher parental MVPA levels.

Conclusion

Higher parental MVPA was consistently associated with healthier offspring BMI status, higher likelihood of fitness attainment, and substantially greater likelihood of meeting MVPA guidelines, with suggestive dose–response patterns rather than statistically confirmed thresholds for all outcomes. Family-oriented strategies that help parents achieve at least moderate weekly MVPA may represent a scalable lever to improve child movement behaviors and related health indicators.

Graphical Abstract