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Background <p>Food and nutrition literacy (FNL) is essential for promoting healthy dietary behaviors and addressing the global burden of chronic diseases. While various tools exist to assess food literacy (FL) and nutrition literacy (NL), many emphasize factual knowledge and lack cultural adaptability. There is a growing need for a concise, culturally neutral, self-assessment instrument that assesses perceived competencies in managing nutrition-related information.</p> Methods <p>The FANSy (Food and Nutrition Literacy Survey) questionnaire was developed using a six-step process based on established scale development methodology. The theoretical framework integrated elements from the Health Literacy Survey Europe (HLS-EU-Q), Rosas’s FL model, and Gibbs’s NL model. Questionnaire items were generated using a matrix that combined four core competencies (access, understand, appraise, apply) across four key domains (cooking skills, preserve and analyze, choice and acquisition, search and plan). An expert panel (<i>n</i> = 10) assessed content validity using the Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Cohen’s kappa. Face validity was evaluated via cognitive interviews (<i>n</i> = 6). The survey was administered online to a representative UK adult sample (<i>n</i> = 2121). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s alpha were used to examine the dimensionality and internal consistency of the tool.</p> Results <p>Two versions of the FANSy questionnaire were developed: a comprehensive format (FANSy-44) and a brief format (FANSy-17). Both formats showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.972 for FANSy-44; 0.928 for FANSy-17). FANSy-17 demonstrated a strong correlation with the full version (<i>r</i> = 0.978). The mean FNL score was 66.5 (scale 0–100); females scored significantly higher than males (<i>p</i> = 0.019). No significant differences were observed across income or education groups.</p> Conclusions <p>FANSy is a valid and reliable self-assessment tool for evaluating FNL in the general adult population. It is available in both comprehensive and brief formats and is applicable in research, public health, and clinical settings. Its culturally neutral design supports international comparability and future cross-cultural validation.</p>

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Development and validation of the new self-reported food and nutrition literacy questionnaire: Food and Nutrition Literacy Survey – FANSy

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Veronika Zelenková,
  • Anna Bartoskova Polcrova,
  • Martin Krobot,
  • Victoria H. Hawk,
  • Zlata Kapounová,
  • Kamila Jančeková

摘要

Background

Food and nutrition literacy (FNL) is essential for promoting healthy dietary behaviors and addressing the global burden of chronic diseases. While various tools exist to assess food literacy (FL) and nutrition literacy (NL), many emphasize factual knowledge and lack cultural adaptability. There is a growing need for a concise, culturally neutral, self-assessment instrument that assesses perceived competencies in managing nutrition-related information.

Methods

The FANSy (Food and Nutrition Literacy Survey) questionnaire was developed using a six-step process based on established scale development methodology. The theoretical framework integrated elements from the Health Literacy Survey Europe (HLS-EU-Q), Rosas’s FL model, and Gibbs’s NL model. Questionnaire items were generated using a matrix that combined four core competencies (access, understand, appraise, apply) across four key domains (cooking skills, preserve and analyze, choice and acquisition, search and plan). An expert panel (n = 10) assessed content validity using the Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Cohen’s kappa. Face validity was evaluated via cognitive interviews (n = 6). The survey was administered online to a representative UK adult sample (n = 2121). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s alpha were used to examine the dimensionality and internal consistency of the tool.

Results

Two versions of the FANSy questionnaire were developed: a comprehensive format (FANSy-44) and a brief format (FANSy-17). Both formats showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.972 for FANSy-44; 0.928 for FANSy-17). FANSy-17 demonstrated a strong correlation with the full version (r = 0.978). The mean FNL score was 66.5 (scale 0–100); females scored significantly higher than males (p = 0.019). No significant differences were observed across income or education groups.

Conclusions

FANSy is a valid and reliable self-assessment tool for evaluating FNL in the general adult population. It is available in both comprehensive and brief formats and is applicable in research, public health, and clinical settings. Its culturally neutral design supports international comparability and future cross-cultural validation.