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Objective <p>To quantitatively analyze China’s fertility-friendly policies issued from 2016 to 2025, examine their structural characteristics and evolution, and provide evidence for policy optimization.</p> Methods <p>A two-dimensional framework of “policy tools–policy objectives” was constructed. Content analysis, word frequency analysis, and semantic network analysis were applied to 46 central-level fertility-friendly policy texts.</p> Results <p>The number of fertility-friendly policies showed an overall upward trend with clear phased features. The policy system demonstrated service orientation, system coordination, and multi-level advancement. Environmental, supply, and demand policy tools accounted for 40.65%, 40.29%, and 19.06%, respectively, indicating an imbalanced distribution of policy tools at the central-government level. In terms of policy obectives, service-friendly, cultural and social-friendly, and interpersonal-friendly goals accounted for 73.14%, 24.32%, and 2.54%, respectively, revealing an uneven goal hierarchy. The alignment between policy tools and policy objectives was insufficient, and system coordination remained weak.</p> Conclusion <p>China’s fertility-friendly policy system has shifted from initial exploration to systematic development, forming a relatively diversified but still structurally unbalanced policy structure. Future policies should increase direct financial subsidies, expand paid parental leave, and strengthen employer responsibility-sharing mechanisms, while enhancing coordination between service provision and interpersonal support systems and promoting the construction of a multi-level fertility support network involving government, society, communities, and families to improve overall policy effectiveness.</p>

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Textual quantitative analysis of China’s fertility-friendly policies——based on a two dimensional analytical framework of policy tools and policy objectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Yanru Kang,
  • Yijing Li,
  • Li Zhang,
  • Runjie Sun,
  • Jinxin Zhou,
  • Guoxiang Guan,
  • Ziyue Chen,
  • Huiling Wu,
  • Yongbing Liu

摘要

Objective

To quantitatively analyze China’s fertility-friendly policies issued from 2016 to 2025, examine their structural characteristics and evolution, and provide evidence for policy optimization.

Methods

A two-dimensional framework of “policy tools–policy objectives” was constructed. Content analysis, word frequency analysis, and semantic network analysis were applied to 46 central-level fertility-friendly policy texts.

Results

The number of fertility-friendly policies showed an overall upward trend with clear phased features. The policy system demonstrated service orientation, system coordination, and multi-level advancement. Environmental, supply, and demand policy tools accounted for 40.65%, 40.29%, and 19.06%, respectively, indicating an imbalanced distribution of policy tools at the central-government level. In terms of policy obectives, service-friendly, cultural and social-friendly, and interpersonal-friendly goals accounted for 73.14%, 24.32%, and 2.54%, respectively, revealing an uneven goal hierarchy. The alignment between policy tools and policy objectives was insufficient, and system coordination remained weak.

Conclusion

China’s fertility-friendly policy system has shifted from initial exploration to systematic development, forming a relatively diversified but still structurally unbalanced policy structure. Future policies should increase direct financial subsidies, expand paid parental leave, and strengthen employer responsibility-sharing mechanisms, while enhancing coordination between service provision and interpersonal support systems and promoting the construction of a multi-level fertility support network involving government, society, communities, and families to improve overall policy effectiveness.