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Objective <p>To analyse the factors associated with unwanted loneliness in non-institutionalized over-65-year-olds in Spain.</p> Method <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative national sample (<i>n</i> = 1,003) by means of computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). Loneliness was measured using the UCLA 3-item scale, with two intensity cut-offs (≥ 4 y ≥ 5). Logistic regressions were applied to identify significant associations between sociodemographic, economic and health variables and self-reported loneliness-inducing situations.</p> Results <p>Loneliness was significantly associated with being widowed, living alone, low income, anxiety or depression, low life satisfaction and difficulties with new technologies, The presence of anxiety or depression exhibited a potentially reciprocal association with loneliness. Urban environments were also linked to a greater prevalence of loneliness.</p> Conclusion <p>Unwanted loneliness in older adults is a multi-factorial phenomenon with implications for mental health and well-being. Satisfaction with life was found to act as a protective factor. These findings reinforce the need for multidisciplinary strategies to address and prevent loneliness in old age.</p>

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Unwanted loneliness in older adults: sociodemographic, economic and psychosocial determinants and self-reported loneliness-inducing situations

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Mª Elena Martínez-Ochoa,
  • Pablo Moya-Martínez,
  • Elisa Amo-Saus,
  • Isabel Pardo-García

摘要

Objective

To analyse the factors associated with unwanted loneliness in non-institutionalized over-65-year-olds in Spain.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative national sample (n = 1,003) by means of computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). Loneliness was measured using the UCLA 3-item scale, with two intensity cut-offs (≥ 4 y ≥ 5). Logistic regressions were applied to identify significant associations between sociodemographic, economic and health variables and self-reported loneliness-inducing situations.

Results

Loneliness was significantly associated with being widowed, living alone, low income, anxiety or depression, low life satisfaction and difficulties with new technologies, The presence of anxiety or depression exhibited a potentially reciprocal association with loneliness. Urban environments were also linked to a greater prevalence of loneliness.

Conclusion

Unwanted loneliness in older adults is a multi-factorial phenomenon with implications for mental health and well-being. Satisfaction with life was found to act as a protective factor. These findings reinforce the need for multidisciplinary strategies to address and prevent loneliness in old age.