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Objective <p>This study examined the bidirectional longitudinal associations between physical activity (PA) and social adjustment in adolescents and tested the mediating role of emotional resilience across time.</p> Methods <p>A three-wave longitudinal survey was conducted at six-month intervals with 529 adolescents. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Adolescent Social Adjustment Behavior Scale, and the Adolescent Emotional Resilience Questionnaire were utilized as measurement tools. Cross-lagged panel models and mediation analyses were applied in this study.</p> Results <p>Gender and school-stage differences were observed across all waves: males and high school students exhibited higher PA and positive adjustment but lower negative adjustment than females and middle school students. Cross-lagged analyses revealed reciprocal predictive relationships between PA and social adjustment over time. Furthermore, emotional resilience significantly mediated the longitudinal associations between PA and both positive and negative adjustment outcomes.&#xa0;</p> Conclusion <p>PA and social adjustment dynamically influence each other throughout adolescence. Emotional resilience serves as a key psychological mechanism linking these two domains.</p>

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The relationship between physical activity and social adjustment in adolescents: the longitudinal mediating role of emotional resilience

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月30日

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  • Xiang Yu,
  • Ming Wu,
  • Jingyue Wang,
  • Youcai Yang,
  • Qian Qiu,
  • Yuan Yuan,
  • Xin Li

摘要

Objective

This study examined the bidirectional longitudinal associations between physical activity (PA) and social adjustment in adolescents and tested the mediating role of emotional resilience across time.

Methods

A three-wave longitudinal survey was conducted at six-month intervals with 529 adolescents. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Adolescent Social Adjustment Behavior Scale, and the Adolescent Emotional Resilience Questionnaire were utilized as measurement tools. Cross-lagged panel models and mediation analyses were applied in this study.

Results

Gender and school-stage differences were observed across all waves: males and high school students exhibited higher PA and positive adjustment but lower negative adjustment than females and middle school students. Cross-lagged analyses revealed reciprocal predictive relationships between PA and social adjustment over time. Furthermore, emotional resilience significantly mediated the longitudinal associations between PA and both positive and negative adjustment outcomes. 

Conclusion

PA and social adjustment dynamically influence each other throughout adolescence. Emotional resilience serves as a key psychological mechanism linking these two domains.