Objectives <p>Circadian Syndrome (CircS) is a prevalent condition with public health implications. The Social Risk Profile (SRP) may be associated with metabolic function, sleep quality, and mental health. Limited research has explored the relationship between SRP, CircS, and all-cause mortality. This study aims to examine these associations in middle-aged and older adults in the U.S. using NHANES data (2007–2018).</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study used NHANES data, with mortality events determined through the National Death Index (2019). Logistic and Cox regression analyses assessed associations between SRP, CircS, and all-cause mortality. Restricted cubic splines were used to explore nonlinear relationships. Subgroup analysis was conducted to examine differences across groups.</p> Results <p>The study included 2,681 participants. Logistic regression showed a positive correlation between SRP and CircS prevalence, as well as all-cause mortality. Subgroup analysis revealed stronger correlations in females and alcohol consumers. Cox regression showed a significant link between SRP and all-cause mortality. No nonlinear relationship was observed.</p> Conclusions <p>SRP is positively correlated with CircS and all-cause mortality, particularly among alcohol consumers and females. Higher SRP levels are associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older adults.</p>