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Background <p>Up to one third of women are dissatisfied with their birth experience. A negative birth experience can have detrimental outcomes, making an early detection of dissatisfaction with the birth experience very important. The Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) is a multi-dimensional measure of birth satisfaction, which has been translated into several languages. The current study aimed to translate and validate a German version of the BSS-R (DE-BSS-R).</p> Methods <p>A total of 3747 German women, who were participating in the cross-sectional study INVITE, completed the DE-BSS-R 3–4 months postpartum. The factor structure of the DE-BSS-R was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, internal consistency as well as known-groups discriminant, divergent, convergent, and predictive validity were evaluated.</p> Results <p>Both the tri-dimensional and the bi-factor measurement model of the original BSS-R showed excellent fit to the data. Internal consistency was acceptable for the total score and the subscale <i>Women’s personal attributes</i>, but just below the recommended cut-off for the subscales <i>Stress experienced during labour</i> and <i>Quality of care</i>. However, Cronbach’s alpha did not differ significantly from the acceptable alpha values of the original BSS-R. Women with a non-instrumental vaginal birth had significantly higher birth satisfaction than women with an instrumental birth (instrumental vaginal, caesarean section). The DE-BSS-R showed good divergent, convergent, and predictive validity.</p> Conclusions <p>Overall, the German cross-cultural adaptation of the BSS-R showed excellent psychometric properties. Both the total score and the three subscale scores are valid to quickly measure German women’s satisfaction with birth in research and clinical practice.</p>

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Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the German version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月22日

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  • Lara Seefeld,
  • Amera Mojahed,
  • Colin R. Martin,
  • Caroline J. Hollins Martin,
  • Julia Schellong,
  • Susan Garthus-Niegel

摘要

Background

Up to one third of women are dissatisfied with their birth experience. A negative birth experience can have detrimental outcomes, making an early detection of dissatisfaction with the birth experience very important. The Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) is a multi-dimensional measure of birth satisfaction, which has been translated into several languages. The current study aimed to translate and validate a German version of the BSS-R (DE-BSS-R).

Methods

A total of 3747 German women, who were participating in the cross-sectional study INVITE, completed the DE-BSS-R 3–4 months postpartum. The factor structure of the DE-BSS-R was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, internal consistency as well as known-groups discriminant, divergent, convergent, and predictive validity were evaluated.

Results

Both the tri-dimensional and the bi-factor measurement model of the original BSS-R showed excellent fit to the data. Internal consistency was acceptable for the total score and the subscale Women’s personal attributes, but just below the recommended cut-off for the subscales Stress experienced during labour and Quality of care. However, Cronbach’s alpha did not differ significantly from the acceptable alpha values of the original BSS-R. Women with a non-instrumental vaginal birth had significantly higher birth satisfaction than women with an instrumental birth (instrumental vaginal, caesarean section). The DE-BSS-R showed good divergent, convergent, and predictive validity.

Conclusions

Overall, the German cross-cultural adaptation of the BSS-R showed excellent psychometric properties. Both the total score and the three subscale scores are valid to quickly measure German women’s satisfaction with birth in research and clinical practice.