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Background <p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) and infertility are significant global health and human rights concerns. Evidence has shown that infertile women face a higher risk of IPV, yet national-level data on its prevalence remain limited. This study aims to quantify the prevalence of IPV against infertile women in China and identify associated risk factors.</p> Methods <p>A national cross-sectional study was conducted in China from October 2021 to August 2022, using multistage stratified cluster sampling. Infertile women were recruited from 30 reproductive centers across ten provinces. A self-administered questionnaire, including the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2) and the Scale of Economic Abuse-12 (SEA-12), measured IPV in the past 12 months and over a lifetime. A structural equation model (SEM) explored risk factors for past-12-month IPV victimization.</p> Results <p>A total of 12,392 infertile women were included. The weighted 12-month prevalence of IPV was 34.1% (95% CI, 33.2%-34.9%) and lifetime prevalence was 44.2% (95% CI, 43.3%-45.1%). SEM identified female-factor infertility (standardized coefficient, 0.0473; <i>P</i> = .01) and ever-experienced infertility treatment failure (0.0774; <i>P</i> &lt; .001) as direct drivers of 12-month IPV victimization. Other factors included the participant’s unstable employment (0.0442; <i>P</i> = .006), non-nuclear family structure (0.0479; <i>P</i> = .01), and current male partner’s adverse behaviours (0.5470; <i>P</i> &lt; .001).</p> Conclusions <p>Globally, this is the first national-level study to examine IPV against infertile women, revealing a high prevalence rate in China. The findings underscored the need for gender-transformative interventions and policy measures, including improving access to infertility care, integrating IPV screening in clinical practice, and funding evidence-based research. Such approaches can reduce IPV, promote reproductive health, and advance health equity.</p>

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The prevalence of intimate partner violence against women diagnosed with infertility in China: a national cross-sectional study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月22日

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  • Yu Fu,
  • Fei Kong,
  • Kailibinuer Kayimu,
  • Guimin Hao,
  • Haining Luo,
  • Yun Sun,
  • Yanwen Xu,
  • Meisong Lu,
  • Yunxia Cao,
  • Junli Zhao,
  • Xiru Liu,
  • Ze Wu,
  • Fang Liu,
  • Tian Tian,
  • Yuanyuan Wang,
  • Jie Qiao

摘要

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and infertility are significant global health and human rights concerns. Evidence has shown that infertile women face a higher risk of IPV, yet national-level data on its prevalence remain limited. This study aims to quantify the prevalence of IPV against infertile women in China and identify associated risk factors.

Methods

A national cross-sectional study was conducted in China from October 2021 to August 2022, using multistage stratified cluster sampling. Infertile women were recruited from 30 reproductive centers across ten provinces. A self-administered questionnaire, including the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2) and the Scale of Economic Abuse-12 (SEA-12), measured IPV in the past 12 months and over a lifetime. A structural equation model (SEM) explored risk factors for past-12-month IPV victimization.

Results

A total of 12,392 infertile women were included. The weighted 12-month prevalence of IPV was 34.1% (95% CI, 33.2%-34.9%) and lifetime prevalence was 44.2% (95% CI, 43.3%-45.1%). SEM identified female-factor infertility (standardized coefficient, 0.0473; P = .01) and ever-experienced infertility treatment failure (0.0774; P < .001) as direct drivers of 12-month IPV victimization. Other factors included the participant’s unstable employment (0.0442; P = .006), non-nuclear family structure (0.0479; P = .01), and current male partner’s adverse behaviours (0.5470; P < .001).

Conclusions

Globally, this is the first national-level study to examine IPV against infertile women, revealing a high prevalence rate in China. The findings underscored the need for gender-transformative interventions and policy measures, including improving access to infertility care, integrating IPV screening in clinical practice, and funding evidence-based research. Such approaches can reduce IPV, promote reproductive health, and advance health equity.