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Background <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread mental health problems, with stress affecting a large porportion of the global population. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the need for post-pandemic mental health services, this umbrella review was conducted to accurately estimate the prevalence of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p> Methods <p>Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched for published meta-analyses using relevant keywords, such as prevalence, stress, COVID-19, and Meta-analysis up to January 1, 2025. Additional manual searches were performed in selected journals and through Google Scholar to identify further relevant articles. A random-effects model was used for the analyses. All analyses were conducted using STATA 17 software.</p> Results <p>Of 3697 records screened, 45 meta-analyses were included. The pooled prevalence of stress was 41% [95% CI: 36–45] with high heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup>: 93.22%). The highest prevalence was observed in patients (56% [49–63]) and health-care workers (45% [38–52]). The prevalence of stress was higher in females (40% [18–63]) compared with males (27% [3–50]). In terms of severity, the highest percentage was related to moderate 29% [7–50], mild 24% [6–41], and severe 13% [5–21].</p> Conclusions <p>Stress was highly prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among patients, healthcare workers, pregnant womens, and students. Policy responses should prioritize funding, advocacy and system-level interventions to mitigate the mental health impact of pandemics and strengthen resilience in preparation for future public health crises.</p>

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The prevalence of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: an umbrella review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Mostafa Amini-Rarani,
  • Sepideh Rezaei,
  • Saber Azami-Aghdash,
  • Salman Bashzar,
  • Shahideh Allahverdi,
  • Mohammad Mohseni

摘要

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread mental health problems, with stress affecting a large porportion of the global population. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the need for post-pandemic mental health services, this umbrella review was conducted to accurately estimate the prevalence of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched for published meta-analyses using relevant keywords, such as prevalence, stress, COVID-19, and Meta-analysis up to January 1, 2025. Additional manual searches were performed in selected journals and through Google Scholar to identify further relevant articles. A random-effects model was used for the analyses. All analyses were conducted using STATA 17 software.

Results

Of 3697 records screened, 45 meta-analyses were included. The pooled prevalence of stress was 41% [95% CI: 36–45] with high heterogeneity (I2: 93.22%). The highest prevalence was observed in patients (56% [49–63]) and health-care workers (45% [38–52]). The prevalence of stress was higher in females (40% [18–63]) compared with males (27% [3–50]). In terms of severity, the highest percentage was related to moderate 29% [7–50], mild 24% [6–41], and severe 13% [5–21].

Conclusions

Stress was highly prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among patients, healthcare workers, pregnant womens, and students. Policy responses should prioritize funding, advocacy and system-level interventions to mitigate the mental health impact of pandemics and strengthen resilience in preparation for future public health crises.