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Background <p>Overweight and obesity(OAO) are major global public health concerns. This study aims to clarify how individual- and community-level factors influence sports participation among OAO adults.</p> Methods <p>Drawing on data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS), we applied hierarchical linear modeling(HLM-) to examine the effects of economic income, educational attainment, self-assessed health, community sports resources, and community living environment on sports participation, and to test cross-level moderating effects.</p> Results <p>Correlation analyses revealed significant positive associations between sports participation and economic income, educational attainment, self-assessed health, community sports resources, and community living environment (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). In the HLM, individual-level predictors included economic income (b<sub><i>3j</i></sub> = 0.127, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and educational attainment (b<sub><i>4j</i></sub> = 0.015, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). At the community level, sports resources (g<sub><i>01</i></sub> = 0.168, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and living environment quality (g<sub><i>02</i></sub> = 0.167, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) each had significant positive effects. Moreover, community sports resources (g<sub><i>41</i></sub> = -0.032, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05)and the living environment (g<sub><i>42</i></sub> = -0.076, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) significantly moderated the relationship between educational attainment and sports participation.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings illuminate the multilevel determinants of sports participation among OAO adults and offer empirical support for the design of targeted obesity prevention and weight management interventions.</p>

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Individual determinants and community moderators of sports participation in overweight and obese adults: a hierarchical linear model analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Yingying Wang,
  • Xinbi Zhang,
  • Changhao Jiang

摘要

Background

Overweight and obesity(OAO) are major global public health concerns. This study aims to clarify how individual- and community-level factors influence sports participation among OAO adults.

Methods

Drawing on data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS), we applied hierarchical linear modeling(HLM-) to examine the effects of economic income, educational attainment, self-assessed health, community sports resources, and community living environment on sports participation, and to test cross-level moderating effects.

Results

Correlation analyses revealed significant positive associations between sports participation and economic income, educational attainment, self-assessed health, community sports resources, and community living environment (all p < 0.01). In the HLM, individual-level predictors included economic income (b3j = 0.127, p < 0.001) and educational attainment (b4j = 0.015, p < 0.001). At the community level, sports resources (g01 = 0.168, p < 0.001) and living environment quality (g02 = 0.167, p < 0.001) each had significant positive effects. Moreover, community sports resources (g41 = -0.032, p < 0.05)and the living environment (g42 = -0.076, p < 0.01) significantly moderated the relationship between educational attainment and sports participation.

Conclusions

These findings illuminate the multilevel determinants of sports participation among OAO adults and offer empirical support for the design of targeted obesity prevention and weight management interventions.