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Purpose <p>This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the risk of death and survival probability among women who experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy.</p> Methods <p>This retrospective cohort study used national data from Brazil. Survival probability was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, while the Cox proportional hazards model was applied to investigate risk factors associated with death.</p> Results <p>Significant risk factors identified included older age (HR = 1.03 [1.01–1.07]), disability or disorder (HR = 2.40 [1.22–4.74]), aggression involving firearms (HR = 13.15 [2.64–65.47]) or sharp objects (HR = 10.59 [2.19–51.12]), and having more than one report of violence (HR = 1.78 [1.13–2.82]). Being in the second trimester of pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of death compared to the first trimester (HR = 0.49 [0.30–0.81]). Femicide was the leading cause of death, accounting 45.7% of all deaths.</p> Conclusion <p>IPV during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of death, emphasizing the importance of systematic screening during prenatal care. Despite being a major cause of death, femicide remains underreported in maternal mortality statistics. The findings underscore the urgency of improving health surveillance systems to ensure better detection, recording, and prevention of fatal outcomes among women exposed to IPV.</p>

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Survival and risk of death among women with reports of intimate partner violence during pregnancy: a national cohort study in Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月3日

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  • Marcela Quaresma Soares,
  • Cristiane Magalhães de Melo,
  • Eduardo Fernandes e Silva,
  • Isabella Vitral Pinto,
  • Paula Dias Bevilacqua

摘要

Purpose

This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the risk of death and survival probability among women who experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used national data from Brazil. Survival probability was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, while the Cox proportional hazards model was applied to investigate risk factors associated with death.

Results

Significant risk factors identified included older age (HR = 1.03 [1.01–1.07]), disability or disorder (HR = 2.40 [1.22–4.74]), aggression involving firearms (HR = 13.15 [2.64–65.47]) or sharp objects (HR = 10.59 [2.19–51.12]), and having more than one report of violence (HR = 1.78 [1.13–2.82]). Being in the second trimester of pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of death compared to the first trimester (HR = 0.49 [0.30–0.81]). Femicide was the leading cause of death, accounting 45.7% of all deaths.

Conclusion

IPV during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of death, emphasizing the importance of systematic screening during prenatal care. Despite being a major cause of death, femicide remains underreported in maternal mortality statistics. The findings underscore the urgency of improving health surveillance systems to ensure better detection, recording, and prevention of fatal outcomes among women exposed to IPV.