Background <p>Considering the increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to evaluate the risk of diabetes in our sample and its relationship with sociodemographic and nutrition-related factors.</p> Methods <p>We conducted the study in Afyonkarahisar province of Turkiye with participants aged 18–65 years. In this face-to-face study, we used a questionnaire on sociodemographic information and general dietary habits and the FINDRISC screening tool. We also recorded participants’ 24-hour food recall and assessed anthropometric measurements. We analyzed epidemiological data using binary logistic regression models to assess possible risk factors associated with the presence of diabetes risk.</p> Results <p>Overall, this study included 3,990 participants, 50.03% (<i>n</i> = 1996) and 49.97% (<i>n</i> = 1994) of whom were males and females, respectively. The FINDRISC score was higher in females (<i>p</i> = 0.001), married individuals (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), those with lower education levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and participants diagnosed with the disease by a doctor (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, having a body mass index (BMI) of &gt; 30&#xa0;kg/m² increased the risk by 7.33 folds compared with having a BMI of &lt; 25&#xa0;kg/m². Significant but very low correlation coefficients were found between main meal consumption, energy, lipid and iron intake and diabetes risk (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusions <p>Our findings suggest that increasing age, increasing BMI, lower education level, and having a disease diagnosis can be significant risk factors for diabetes. However, more studies are needed to clarify risk factors, especially those related to nutrition.</p>