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Background <p>The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is severe worldwide. Although many studies have investigated the association of particulate pollution with CVD, the effect of finer particulate pollution components on CVD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of five PM<sub>2.5</sub> components (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12889_2024_21179_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="33" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{2-}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, sulfate; <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12889_2024_21179_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="32" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{-}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, nitrate; <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12889_2024_21179_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{+}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, ammonium; OM, organic matter; BC, carbon black) on CVD admission in Shanghai City, identify the susceptible population, and provide clues for the prevention and control of particulate pollution.</p> Methods <p>Daily PM<sub>2.5</sub> components data during 2013–2019 in three districts of Shanghai were obtained from Tracking Air Pollution in China. We obtained CVD daily admissions data from relevant departments of Tongji Hospital, including basic information (sex, age, time of admissions, ICD code of root cause of admissions, etc.). First, generalized additive model (GAM) and distributed lag non-linear (DLNM) model were used to evaluate the individual effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub> components on CVD admission in three districts of Shanghai. Then, the three regions were pooled for analysis using either a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model.</p> Results <p>Overall, all five PM<sub>2.5</sub> components had significant effects on CVD admission risk. BC and OM were strongly associated with daily CVD admissions, with increasing interquartile range of the concentrations, the maximum values of cumulative RR (95% CI) were 1.318 (95%CI: 1.222–1.415) and 1.243 (95%CI: 1.164–1.322), respectively. The elderly (≥ 65 years old) was more sensitive to the four PM<sub>2.5</sub> components than the young population. <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12889_2024_21179_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="33" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{2-}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and BC were strongest associated with CVD admissions in the elderly than in younger people, with increasing interquartile range of the concentrations, the maximum cumulative RR (95% CI) was 1.567 (95% CI: 1.116–2.019) and 1.534 (95% CI: 1.104–1.963), respectively.</p> Conclusions <p>This study found that five PM<sub>2.5</sub> components were significant risk factors for CVD admissions and specific CVD diseases in Shanghai City. The elderly were susceptible to <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12889_2024_21179_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="33" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{2-}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>,<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12889_2024_21179_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="36" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\text{\:NH}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{+}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, OM, and BC.</p>

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The effects of PM2.5 components on the cardiovascular disease admissions in Shanghai City, China: a multi- region study

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  • 发表日期：

    2024年12月31日

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  • Wanying Su,
  • Heping Liu,
  • Tiantian Han,
  • Yunyun Wang,
  • Yi An,
  • Yan Lin

摘要

Background

The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is severe worldwide. Although many studies have investigated the association of particulate pollution with CVD, the effect of finer particulate pollution components on CVD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of five PM2.5 components ( \(\:{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{2-}}\) , sulfate; \(\:{\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{-}}\) , nitrate; \(\:{\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{+}}\) , ammonium; OM, organic matter; BC, carbon black) on CVD admission in Shanghai City, identify the susceptible population, and provide clues for the prevention and control of particulate pollution.

Methods

Daily PM2.5 components data during 2013–2019 in three districts of Shanghai were obtained from Tracking Air Pollution in China. We obtained CVD daily admissions data from relevant departments of Tongji Hospital, including basic information (sex, age, time of admissions, ICD code of root cause of admissions, etc.). First, generalized additive model (GAM) and distributed lag non-linear (DLNM) model were used to evaluate the individual effects of PM2.5 components on CVD admission in three districts of Shanghai. Then, the three regions were pooled for analysis using either a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model.

Results

Overall, all five PM2.5 components had significant effects on CVD admission risk. BC and OM were strongly associated with daily CVD admissions, with increasing interquartile range of the concentrations, the maximum values of cumulative RR (95% CI) were 1.318 (95%CI: 1.222–1.415) and 1.243 (95%CI: 1.164–1.322), respectively. The elderly (≥ 65 years old) was more sensitive to the four PM2.5 components than the young population. \(\:{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{2-}}\) and BC were strongest associated with CVD admissions in the elderly than in younger people, with increasing interquartile range of the concentrations, the maximum cumulative RR (95% CI) was 1.567 (95% CI: 1.116–2.019) and 1.534 (95% CI: 1.104–1.963), respectively.

Conclusions

This study found that five PM2.5 components were significant risk factors for CVD admissions and specific CVD diseases in Shanghai City. The elderly were susceptible to \(\:{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{2-}}\) , \(\:{\text{\:NH}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{+}}\) , OM, and BC.