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Background <p>Research has produced conflicting findings on whether ADHD is associated with financial debt. Moreover, as yet, there has been little research on this association in non-Western settings. To address this deficit, this cross-sectional study examined the association between ADHD symptoms and debt in the Japanese general population.</p> Methods <p>Data were used from an online sample of 3,717 adults aged ≥ 18 years old. A single-item question was used to assess debt. ADHD symptoms were measured with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. Information was also collected on demographic characteristics and mental health.</p> Results <p>In a fully adjusted logistic regression analysis, ADHD symptoms (as a continuous score) were significantly associated with debt in the total sample (OR: 1.04, 95%CI: 1.01–1.07). In sex-stratified analyses, ADHD symptoms were associated with debt in women (OR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01–1.10), while the association was of borderline statistical significance in men (OR: 1.04, 95%CI: 1.00-1.07, <i>p</i> = .053). When the analysis was stratified by age, ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with debt in adults aged 18 to 34 (OR: 1.10, 95%CI: 1.04–1.16) and 60 and above (OR: 1.09, 95%CI: 1.02–1.16) but not in those aged 35 to 59 (OR: 1.01, 95%CI: 0.97–1.05).</p> Conclusion <p>ADHD symptoms are associated with debt in Japanese adults. More research is needed to determine the causes and consequences of debt in adults with ADHD.</p>

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ADHD symptoms and financial debt among adults

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Andrew Stickley,
  • Aya Shirama,
  • Vladislav Ruchkin,
  • Johan Isaksson,
  • Tomiki Sumiyoshi

摘要

Background

Research has produced conflicting findings on whether ADHD is associated with financial debt. Moreover, as yet, there has been little research on this association in non-Western settings. To address this deficit, this cross-sectional study examined the association between ADHD symptoms and debt in the Japanese general population.

Methods

Data were used from an online sample of 3,717 adults aged ≥ 18 years old. A single-item question was used to assess debt. ADHD symptoms were measured with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. Information was also collected on demographic characteristics and mental health.

Results

In a fully adjusted logistic regression analysis, ADHD symptoms (as a continuous score) were significantly associated with debt in the total sample (OR: 1.04, 95%CI: 1.01–1.07). In sex-stratified analyses, ADHD symptoms were associated with debt in women (OR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01–1.10), while the association was of borderline statistical significance in men (OR: 1.04, 95%CI: 1.00-1.07, p = .053). When the analysis was stratified by age, ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with debt in adults aged 18 to 34 (OR: 1.10, 95%CI: 1.04–1.16) and 60 and above (OR: 1.09, 95%CI: 1.02–1.16) but not in those aged 35 to 59 (OR: 1.01, 95%CI: 0.97–1.05).

Conclusion

ADHD symptoms are associated with debt in Japanese adults. More research is needed to determine the causes and consequences of debt in adults with ADHD.