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Background <p>Psychiatric disorders are increasingly conceptualised within a neurodevelopmental framework, in which genetic liability interacts with environmental exposures across the lifespan to shape brain and behavioural trajectories. Deviations in these trajectories may confer vulnerability or resilience to later psychopathology. Longitudinal cohorts spanning critical developmental windows are required to map these pathways and their associated risk and protective factors.</p> Methods <p>The <i>PAthways to Resilience And Mental health</i> (PARAM) project is a multi-site longitudinal cohort in India, enrolling approximately 9,000 participants from the antenatal period to 30 years of age. PARAM extends the <i>Consortium on the Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions</i> (cVEDA) cohort, which recruited more than 9,000 individuals aged 6–23 years, by adding intensive follow-up from the fetal period to early childhood. Eight sites across India participate, with five recontacting their original cVEDA participants for repeated assessments. Repeated measures include questionnaires on development, temperament, and mental health; family medical and psychiatric history; assessments of environmental exposures such as adverse experiences, diet, maternal stress, toxic exposures, and screen use; and satellite-derived indicators of urbanisation and air pollution over time. Detailed examinations comprise anthropometry and body composition, neurocognitive testing, neurophysiological measures including heart rate variability and body sway, neuroimaging with 3T MRI and fNIRS, and biospecimen collection (blood, buccal swabs, hair, nails, urine, stool) for genomic, toxicological, and metabolic assays. Data are stored in a harmonised digital archive linked to a barcoded biorepository. Follow-up employs a closed cohort design for children younger than two years and an accelerated longitudinal design for older participants. Planned analyses include mixed-effects and generalized additive models for trajectories, multi-site imaging harmonisation and normative modelling, multivariate integration of multi-omic and imaging features, and predictive modelling with nested cross-validation and external validation where feasible. Missing data and attrition will be addressed using multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting.</p> Discussion <p>PARAM will offer insights into population-based developmental trajectories, identify modifiable risk and protective factors, and support predictive models for psychopathology. The findings are expected to inform precision interventions and public health strategies, while contributing a socio-culturally diverse resource to global mental health research.</p>

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The PAthways to Resilience And Mental health (PARAM) project: protocol for a multi-site developmental cohort in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Bharath Holla,
  • Eesha Sharma,
  • Shradha Venkataramanan,
  • Syeda Zoya,
  • Kruthika Shankar,
  • Amarjeet Kumar,
  • Arshitha Basavaraj,
  • Bhagyalakshmi Shankarappa,
  • Jayant Mahadevan,
  • Vanteemar S. Sreeraj,
  • Shoba S. Meera,
  • Geetha Desai,
  • Amit Chakrabarti,
  • Abhishek Ghosh,
  • Shalini Naik,
  • Debashish Basu,
  • Kamakshi Kartik,
  • Kartik Kalyanram,
  • Padmalatha Venkatram,
  • Srimathy Raman,
  • Ashwini J. Authreya,
  • Senjam Gojendra Singh,
  • Aniruddha Basu,
  • Naveen Kikkeri Hanumantha Setty,
  • Naresh Nebhinani,
  • Onkar Prasad Khandwal,
  • Neha Singh,
  • VS Binu,
  • Biju Viswanath,
  • Meera Purushottam,
  • Ganesan Venkatasubramanian,
  • Rose Dawn Bharath,
  • Ramesh Naidu Laveti,
  • SD Sudarsan,
  • TK Srikanth,
  • D. Dinakaran,
  • Keshav Kumar,
  • Yogesh Shouche,
  • Raja Sriswan Mamidi,
  • Neha Dahiya,
  • Ashoo Grover,
  • Prabha S. Chandra,
  • Pratima Murthy,
  • Vivek Benegal,
  • Shivali Agarwal,
  • Aarshi Agrawal,
  • Mithu Bannerjee,
  • Pankaj Bharadwaj,
  • Diana Chandran,
  • Maisnam Julia Devi,
  • Subhasree Dhara,
  • Rageshwari Dhruw,
  • Siyaram Didel,
  • Anshuman Dixit,
  • Sapam Kiran Dolly,
  • Manjunath Guruprasad,
  • Debosmita Ganguly,
  • Debarpita Ghosh,
  • Deepika C. Inamdar,
  • Kamlesh Jain,
  • Pushpinder Khera,
  • Rajnita Nag,
  • Kajal Nameirakpam,
  • Jyoti Panwar,
  • Srinivas Swathi,
  • Titli Saha,
  • Sanjukta Samanta,
  • Charu Sharma,
  • Kuldeep Singh,
  • Pranshu Singh,
  • Pratibha Singh,
  • Shambhavi Sinh,
  • Aashita Soni,
  • Navratan Suthar,
  • Vinoda Raja Thirumalappa,
  • Christiya Anna Thomas,
  • Sarbesh Tiwari,
  • Sojit Tomo,
  • Hetal Vasara,
  • Nirmal Verma,
  • Taruna Yadav,
  • Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta,
  • Sarada Subramaniam,
  • Hansashree Padmanabha,
  • Srinivas Bharath

摘要

Background

Psychiatric disorders are increasingly conceptualised within a neurodevelopmental framework, in which genetic liability interacts with environmental exposures across the lifespan to shape brain and behavioural trajectories. Deviations in these trajectories may confer vulnerability or resilience to later psychopathology. Longitudinal cohorts spanning critical developmental windows are required to map these pathways and their associated risk and protective factors.

Methods

The PAthways to Resilience And Mental health (PARAM) project is a multi-site longitudinal cohort in India, enrolling approximately 9,000 participants from the antenatal period to 30 years of age. PARAM extends the Consortium on the Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA) cohort, which recruited more than 9,000 individuals aged 6–23 years, by adding intensive follow-up from the fetal period to early childhood. Eight sites across India participate, with five recontacting their original cVEDA participants for repeated assessments. Repeated measures include questionnaires on development, temperament, and mental health; family medical and psychiatric history; assessments of environmental exposures such as adverse experiences, diet, maternal stress, toxic exposures, and screen use; and satellite-derived indicators of urbanisation and air pollution over time. Detailed examinations comprise anthropometry and body composition, neurocognitive testing, neurophysiological measures including heart rate variability and body sway, neuroimaging with 3T MRI and fNIRS, and biospecimen collection (blood, buccal swabs, hair, nails, urine, stool) for genomic, toxicological, and metabolic assays. Data are stored in a harmonised digital archive linked to a barcoded biorepository. Follow-up employs a closed cohort design for children younger than two years and an accelerated longitudinal design for older participants. Planned analyses include mixed-effects and generalized additive models for trajectories, multi-site imaging harmonisation and normative modelling, multivariate integration of multi-omic and imaging features, and predictive modelling with nested cross-validation and external validation where feasible. Missing data and attrition will be addressed using multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting.

Discussion

PARAM will offer insights into population-based developmental trajectories, identify modifiable risk and protective factors, and support predictive models for psychopathology. The findings are expected to inform precision interventions and public health strategies, while contributing a socio-culturally diverse resource to global mental health research.