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Purpose <p>The objective of the present study is to describe levels of HRQOL in parents of adolescents over a span of four years (2019, 2021, and 2023) and identify which of selected sociodemographic variables associated with HRQOL over time. In addition, we compared all HRQOL domains with norm data from the general Norwegian population.</p> Methods <p>A longitudinal study involving 556 parents (at baseline) of adolescents from the general Norwegian population was conducted. Data were collected at baseline in 2019, in 2021 (when the COVID-19 pandemic was ongoing) and in 2023. HRQOL was assessed using RAND-36. Data were analysed using independent samples t-tests and linear mixed model for repeated measures.</p> Results <p>During the four-year (2019–2023), we observed a small but statistically significant decline in most HRQOL domains, and no domains increased again after the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher education, being in paid work and having a high household income were the most important associates of high HRQOL scores. We identified some statistical differences in HRQOL between the parents in the current study and Norwegian norms at all time points, although these were of limited clinical relevance.</p> Conclusion <p>Over four years, parents of adolescents experienced a small but persistent decline in HRQOL from before the COVID-19 pandemic through 2023, particularly in mental health domains, with no full return to pre-pandemic levels. Higher education, household income, and paid employment were consistently associated with better HRQOL.</p>

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Health-related quality of life in parents of adolescents in 2019, 2021 and 2023

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Gudrun Rohde,
  • Kristin Haraldstad,
  • Sølvi Helseth,
  • Milada Hagen,
  • Siv Skarstein,
  • Hilde Timenes Mikkelsen

摘要

Purpose

The objective of the present study is to describe levels of HRQOL in parents of adolescents over a span of four years (2019, 2021, and 2023) and identify which of selected sociodemographic variables associated with HRQOL over time. In addition, we compared all HRQOL domains with norm data from the general Norwegian population.

Methods

A longitudinal study involving 556 parents (at baseline) of adolescents from the general Norwegian population was conducted. Data were collected at baseline in 2019, in 2021 (when the COVID-19 pandemic was ongoing) and in 2023. HRQOL was assessed using RAND-36. Data were analysed using independent samples t-tests and linear mixed model for repeated measures.

Results

During the four-year (2019–2023), we observed a small but statistically significant decline in most HRQOL domains, and no domains increased again after the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher education, being in paid work and having a high household income were the most important associates of high HRQOL scores. We identified some statistical differences in HRQOL between the parents in the current study and Norwegian norms at all time points, although these were of limited clinical relevance.

Conclusion

Over four years, parents of adolescents experienced a small but persistent decline in HRQOL from before the COVID-19 pandemic through 2023, particularly in mental health domains, with no full return to pre-pandemic levels. Higher education, household income, and paid employment were consistently associated with better HRQOL.