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Background <p>Child stunting, maternal body mass index (BMI), and antenatal care (ANC) visits are key indicators of child and maternal health. The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with these outcomes using the 2022 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS).</p> Methods <p>The study comprised 8,784 ever-married women aged 15–49 and their children under 5 years. ANC visits were modelled using negative binomial regression, while Child stunting and maternal BMI were examined using multinomial logistic regression. Analyses were performed at the <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 significance level.</p> Results <p>Children from rich families (AOR: 0.66) and those whose mothers had higher education (AOR: 0.57) were less likely to be severely stunted, whereas children in rural areas (AOR: 1.26) and in the Chattogram division (AOR: 1.40) had higher odds of severe stunting. Mothers from poor households and rural areas (AOR: 1.18) and those living in the Mymensingh (AOR: 1.73) or Rajshahi (AOR: 1.67) divisions had higher odds of being underweight than rich, urban mothers in Barisal. Mothers from middle and rich households were more likely to be overweight (AOR: 1.13, Rich: AOR: 1.56) or obese (AOR: 1.38, Rich: AOR: 2.77) than those from poor households, whereas rural women were less likely to be overweight (AOR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.64–0.80) or obese (AOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64–0.96) than urban women. Mothers from middle (IRR: 1.11) and rich households (IRR: 1.37) and those with secondary (IRR: 1.28) and higher education (IRR: 1.64) had higher rates of antenatal care visits, while rural residence (IRR: 0.88) and living in Sylhet (IRR: 0.89) were linked with lower visit rates. Mothers in Khulna (IRR: 1.07), Dhaka (IRR: 1.09), and Mymensingh (IRR: 1.06) had slightly higher ANC visit rates than those in Barisal.</p> Conclusion <p>Mother’s education, wealth, and urban setting were positively associated with maternal BMI, child stunting, and ANC attendance. This highlights the need for targeted interventions to eliminate disparities in maternal and child health.</p>

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Influence of socioeconomic factors on maternal and child health outcomes in Bangladesh: evidence from the 2022 demographic and health survey

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Md. Mamun Miah,
  • Farjana Aktar,
  • Md. Sakawat Hossain,
  • Kabir Hossain,
  • Najma Begum

摘要

Background

Child stunting, maternal body mass index (BMI), and antenatal care (ANC) visits are key indicators of child and maternal health. The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with these outcomes using the 2022 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS).

Methods

The study comprised 8,784 ever-married women aged 15–49 and their children under 5 years. ANC visits were modelled using negative binomial regression, while Child stunting and maternal BMI were examined using multinomial logistic regression. Analyses were performed at the p < 0.05 significance level.

Results

Children from rich families (AOR: 0.66) and those whose mothers had higher education (AOR: 0.57) were less likely to be severely stunted, whereas children in rural areas (AOR: 1.26) and in the Chattogram division (AOR: 1.40) had higher odds of severe stunting. Mothers from poor households and rural areas (AOR: 1.18) and those living in the Mymensingh (AOR: 1.73) or Rajshahi (AOR: 1.67) divisions had higher odds of being underweight than rich, urban mothers in Barisal. Mothers from middle and rich households were more likely to be overweight (AOR: 1.13, Rich: AOR: 1.56) or obese (AOR: 1.38, Rich: AOR: 2.77) than those from poor households, whereas rural women were less likely to be overweight (AOR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.64–0.80) or obese (AOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64–0.96) than urban women. Mothers from middle (IRR: 1.11) and rich households (IRR: 1.37) and those with secondary (IRR: 1.28) and higher education (IRR: 1.64) had higher rates of antenatal care visits, while rural residence (IRR: 0.88) and living in Sylhet (IRR: 0.89) were linked with lower visit rates. Mothers in Khulna (IRR: 1.07), Dhaka (IRR: 1.09), and Mymensingh (IRR: 1.06) had slightly higher ANC visit rates than those in Barisal.

Conclusion

Mother’s education, wealth, and urban setting were positively associated with maternal BMI, child stunting, and ANC attendance. This highlights the need for targeted interventions to eliminate disparities in maternal and child health.