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Background <p>The present study aims to assess the anxiety and pain perception in children receiving virtual reality (VR) interventions before circumcision, as well as the impact of VR on postoperative recovery.</p> Methods <p>A total of 160 children undergoing circumcision in the hospital operating room from June 2023 to December 2024 were selected as study subjects. Using the random number table method, the children were divided into the Control and Observation groups, each comprising 80 children. The Control group received routine preoperative care, while the Observation group underwent VR intervention before surgery. Children’s anxiety levels were assessed using the Chinese version of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) at three distinct time points: upon entering the surgical waiting room (T1), during anesthesia induction (T2), and 1&#xa0;h post-surgery (T3). During surgery, cardiovascular stress indicators in children were recorded using a multiparameter monitor. Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Postoperative recovery and complications were observed.</p> Results <p>At T1, there was no significant difference in m-YPAS scores between the two groups. The m-YPAS scores were highest at T1 and subsequently declined at T2 and T3. At T2 and T3, the m-YPAS scores of the Observation group were significantly lower than those of the Control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). During surgery, the Observation group exhibited lower heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure compared to the Control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Pain levels were highest for both groups at 1&#xa0;h post-surgery and then declined at 1 d and 7d post-surgery. Additionally, the Observation group had significantly lower VAS scores at 1&#xa0;h and 1 d post-surgery compared to the Control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The pain resolution time and incision healing time in the Observation group were significantly shorter than in the Control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05) between the two groups in the incidence of postoperative complications, including preputial edema (8.75% vs. 6.25%), incision bleeding (7.50% vs. 6.25%), and incision adhesion (2.50% vs. 1.25%). No adverse reactions such as dizziness, nausea, headache, or visual fatigue were reported in the Observation group during the use of the VR devices.</p> Conclusion <p>Preoperative VR intervention helps alleviate perioperative anxiety in children undergoing circumcision, stabilizes intraoperative physiological indicators, and shows potential in reducing early postoperative pain and promoting postoperative wound recovery. This study provides preliminary evidence for VR as a promising and safe non-pharmacological adjunctive intervention. However, further large-scale research is needed to validate the generalizability of its clinical benefits.</p>

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The effect of preoperative virtual reality on anxiety, pain and postoperative recovery in children undergoing circumcision

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Lifeng Shen,
  • Changying Mei,
  • Hongxia Wang,
  • Anni Xia,
  • Tingting Fu,
  • Hong Zhu

摘要

Background

The present study aims to assess the anxiety and pain perception in children receiving virtual reality (VR) interventions before circumcision, as well as the impact of VR on postoperative recovery.

Methods

A total of 160 children undergoing circumcision in the hospital operating room from June 2023 to December 2024 were selected as study subjects. Using the random number table method, the children were divided into the Control and Observation groups, each comprising 80 children. The Control group received routine preoperative care, while the Observation group underwent VR intervention before surgery. Children’s anxiety levels were assessed using the Chinese version of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) at three distinct time points: upon entering the surgical waiting room (T1), during anesthesia induction (T2), and 1 h post-surgery (T3). During surgery, cardiovascular stress indicators in children were recorded using a multiparameter monitor. Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Postoperative recovery and complications were observed.

Results

At T1, there was no significant difference in m-YPAS scores between the two groups. The m-YPAS scores were highest at T1 and subsequently declined at T2 and T3. At T2 and T3, the m-YPAS scores of the Observation group were significantly lower than those of the Control group (P < 0.05). During surgery, the Observation group exhibited lower heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure compared to the Control group (P < 0.05). Pain levels were highest for both groups at 1 h post-surgery and then declined at 1 d and 7d post-surgery. Additionally, the Observation group had significantly lower VAS scores at 1 h and 1 d post-surgery compared to the Control group (P < 0.05). The pain resolution time and incision healing time in the Observation group were significantly shorter than in the Control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two groups in the incidence of postoperative complications, including preputial edema (8.75% vs. 6.25%), incision bleeding (7.50% vs. 6.25%), and incision adhesion (2.50% vs. 1.25%). No adverse reactions such as dizziness, nausea, headache, or visual fatigue were reported in the Observation group during the use of the VR devices.

Conclusion

Preoperative VR intervention helps alleviate perioperative anxiety in children undergoing circumcision, stabilizes intraoperative physiological indicators, and shows potential in reducing early postoperative pain and promoting postoperative wound recovery. This study provides preliminary evidence for VR as a promising and safe non-pharmacological adjunctive intervention. However, further large-scale research is needed to validate the generalizability of its clinical benefits.