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Background <p>The limbal mesenchymal stem cell secretome (LMSC-S) contains anti-inflammatory cytokines that suppress extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in phacoemulsification-damaged corneal endothelial cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of LMSC-S on post- phacoemulsification ECM degradation.</p> Methods <p>Thirty-six eyes from 32 New Zealand white rabbits (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>) were included. The normal group (N) comprised neither exposed nor treated eyes. Control group 1 (C1) served as the control for treatment group 1 (T1), where LMSC-S was administered simultaneously with phacoemulsification. Control group 2 (C2) served as the control for treatment group 2 (T2), which underwent LMSC-S administration 3 days after phacoemulsification. In this study, exposure to ultrasound from a phacoemulsification machine damaged corneal endothelial cells. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in macrophages was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and IL-8 level in the aqueous humor was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p> Results <p>The comparison of NF-κB macrophage expression between groups C2-T2 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001); IL-8 macrophage between groups C1-T1 (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and C2-T2 (<i>p</i> = 0.002); MMP-9 macrophage between groups C1-T1 (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and C2-T2 (<i>p</i> = 0.002) showed a significant difference. NF-κB, IL-8, and MMP-9 macrophage expression level in the T2 group was closest to that in the N group. MMP-9 macrophage expression following LMSC-S administration on the third day post-phacoemulsification correlated strongly and positively with IL-8 macrophage expression (β = 0.861; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), NF-κB macrophage expression (β = 0.896; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and LMSC-S administration (β = -0.978; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>In this experimental animal model, LMSC-S administration three days post-phacoemulsification reduced MMP-9 expression more effectively than simultaneous administration. However, the therapeutic potential of LMSC-Ss requires further human validation.</p>

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Delayed limbal mesenchymal stem cell secretome therapy attenuates NF-κB, IL-8, and MMP-9 expression following phacoemulsification-induced corneal endothelial damage

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Dicky Hermawan,
  • Evelyn Komaratih,
  • I. Ketut Sudiana

摘要

Background

The limbal mesenchymal stem cell secretome (LMSC-S) contains anti-inflammatory cytokines that suppress extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in phacoemulsification-damaged corneal endothelial cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of LMSC-S on post- phacoemulsification ECM degradation.

Methods

Thirty-six eyes from 32 New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were included. The normal group (N) comprised neither exposed nor treated eyes. Control group 1 (C1) served as the control for treatment group 1 (T1), where LMSC-S was administered simultaneously with phacoemulsification. Control group 2 (C2) served as the control for treatment group 2 (T2), which underwent LMSC-S administration 3 days after phacoemulsification. In this study, exposure to ultrasound from a phacoemulsification machine damaged corneal endothelial cells. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in macrophages was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and IL-8 level in the aqueous humor was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The comparison of NF-κB macrophage expression between groups C2-T2 (p < 0.001); IL-8 macrophage between groups C1-T1 (p = 0.04) and C2-T2 (p = 0.002); MMP-9 macrophage between groups C1-T1 (p = 0.03) and C2-T2 (p = 0.002) showed a significant difference. NF-κB, IL-8, and MMP-9 macrophage expression level in the T2 group was closest to that in the N group. MMP-9 macrophage expression following LMSC-S administration on the third day post-phacoemulsification correlated strongly and positively with IL-8 macrophage expression (β = 0.861; p < 0.001), NF-κB macrophage expression (β = 0.896; p < 0.001), and LMSC-S administration (β = -0.978; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

In this experimental animal model, LMSC-S administration three days post-phacoemulsification reduced MMP-9 expression more effectively than simultaneous administration. However, the therapeutic potential of LMSC-Ss requires further human validation.