Purpose <p>To describe the clinical characteristics and visual and anatomical surgical prognosis for full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).</p> Method <p>This retrospective study reviewed 13 eyes from 13 consecutive patients with FTMH after RVO who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling or ILM flap insertion. Clinical demographics and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features were evaluated. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the associated factors for the final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).</p> Results <p>Of the 13 eyes, 11 had a previous branch RVO (BRVO) and 2 had a central RVO (CRVO). The mean minimum linear diameter (MLD) of these secondary macular holes was 469.31 ± 197.96&#xa0;μm. Eight subjects (61.5%) showed a FTMH secondary to a long-standing RVO (RVO episode longer than 6 months), and the rest 5 subjects (38.5%) developed a FTMH after a recent onset RVO within 6 months. The two groups shared similar baseline BCVA (<i>P</i> = 0.414), MLD (<i>P</i> = 0.218), and BD (<i>P</i> = 0.453). The mean follow-up period was 10.0 months. All cases showed anatomical closure at the last follow-up, with BCVA significantly improved from 0.90 ± 0.28 logMAR at baseline to 0.45 ± 0.34 logMAR after surgery (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001). The final BCVA of the eyes after recent onset RVO was better than the ones after long-standing RVO (<i>P</i> = 0.012). Regression analysis showed that the final BCVA was significantly associated with the baseline BCVA, RVO duration, and the ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>FTMH secondary to RVO could achieve favorable anatomical and visual acuity success with PPV. The cases secondary to a recent RVO might have a better visual prognosis. The initial BCVA and postoperative EZ recovery were associated with the final BCVA.</p>