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Background <p>This study aimed to investigate the etiology, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in Chinese children and adolescents.</p> Methods <p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data, multimodal imaging and treatment outcomes of pediatric patients with CNV at Beijing Tongren Hospital from May 2014 to October 2024.</p> Results <p>72 children with CNV were included. The average age was 12.1 ± 3.5 years and 36 (50.0%) were male. The most common etiologies of pediatric CNV were idiopathic (37.50%), inflammatory chorioretinopathy (31.94%) and congenital or hereditary abnormalities (16.67%). Age distribution analysis showed that CNV most commonly occurred in adolescence (13–17 years, 48.61%) and school age (7–12 years, 45.83%). Idiopathic CNV was the main cause of CNV in children ≤ 12 years (43.24%), followed by inflammatory chorioretinopathy (21.62%) and congenital or hereditary abnormalities (18.92%), while the main cause of CNV in children &gt; 12 years was inflammatory chorioretinopathy (42.86%). Most of the CNVs were subfoveal (56.3%) and all of the CNVs with complete fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) images were classic type. Of the 58 eyes (72.5%) with complete optical coherence tomography (OCT) data, all of the CNVs were type 2. Analysis of 26 eyes treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs showed that the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly improved from 0.75 ± 0.46 logMAR at baseline to 0.63 ± 0.46 logMAR at the last follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.021), with 38.5% patients achieved ≥ 2-line BCVA improvement. These eyes with active CNV required a mean of 2.12 ± 0.80 injections during the follow-up period.</p> Conclusion <p>The etiology and clinical characteristics of CNV in children differed from those in adults. Idiopathic, inflammatory, and congenital or hereditary CNV were the three most common etiologic factors in children. Most pediatric CNV were unilateral, type 2 and subfoveal. Pediatric CNV responded well to anti-VEGF medication and anti-VEGF drugs can significantly improve the visual acuity of children with CNV.</p>

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Analysis of the etiology, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of choroidal neovascularization in Chinese children and adolescents

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月28日

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  • Shenshen Yan,
  • Haixia Ji,
  • Yuzhu Liu,
  • Xuan Jiao,
  • Haicheng She,
  • Haiying Zhou

摘要

Background

This study aimed to investigate the etiology, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data, multimodal imaging and treatment outcomes of pediatric patients with CNV at Beijing Tongren Hospital from May 2014 to October 2024.

Results

72 children with CNV were included. The average age was 12.1 ± 3.5 years and 36 (50.0%) were male. The most common etiologies of pediatric CNV were idiopathic (37.50%), inflammatory chorioretinopathy (31.94%) and congenital or hereditary abnormalities (16.67%). Age distribution analysis showed that CNV most commonly occurred in adolescence (13–17 years, 48.61%) and school age (7–12 years, 45.83%). Idiopathic CNV was the main cause of CNV in children ≤ 12 years (43.24%), followed by inflammatory chorioretinopathy (21.62%) and congenital or hereditary abnormalities (18.92%), while the main cause of CNV in children > 12 years was inflammatory chorioretinopathy (42.86%). Most of the CNVs were subfoveal (56.3%) and all of the CNVs with complete fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) images were classic type. Of the 58 eyes (72.5%) with complete optical coherence tomography (OCT) data, all of the CNVs were type 2. Analysis of 26 eyes treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs showed that the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly improved from 0.75 ± 0.46 logMAR at baseline to 0.63 ± 0.46 logMAR at the last follow-up (p = 0.021), with 38.5% patients achieved ≥ 2-line BCVA improvement. These eyes with active CNV required a mean of 2.12 ± 0.80 injections during the follow-up period.

Conclusion

The etiology and clinical characteristics of CNV in children differed from those in adults. Idiopathic, inflammatory, and congenital or hereditary CNV were the three most common etiologic factors in children. Most pediatric CNV were unilateral, type 2 and subfoveal. Pediatric CNV responded well to anti-VEGF medication and anti-VEGF drugs can significantly improve the visual acuity of children with CNV.