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Background <p>The prognostic value of PD-L1 copy number variation (CNV) in advanced breast cancer (BC) patients remains unclear. This study investigated the association between PD-L1 CNV and its prognostic significance in advanced BC.</p> Methods <p>PD-L1 CNV was analyzed using real-time PCR in advanced BC patients (<i>n</i> = 132) who received chemotherapy or hormonal therapy, along with a non-malignant control group (<i>n</i> = 5) obtained from patients with histopathologically confirmed fibroadenoma used as reference controls. The association of PD-L1 CNV with overall survival and clinicopathological features was determined.</p> Results <p>PD-L1 CNVs were identified in 22% (29/132) of advanced BC cases, comprising 9 CN losses and 20 CN gains. PDL-1 CN loss was associated with low overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.10–6.21; <i>p</i> = 0.024) and remained significant after multivariate adjustment (HR = 3.13; 95% CI = 1.23–7.94; <i>p</i> = 0.016). The adverse prognostic effect was pronounced in HR-positive (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and HER2-negative patients (<i>p</i> = 0.040). PD-L1 CNVs were more frequent in patients &gt; 40 years (<i>p</i> = 0.027) and HER2-negative tumors (<i>p</i> = 0.019).</p> Conclusions <p>PD-L1 CN loss was associated with lower OS, particularly in HR(+) and HER2(–) patients. This result revealed the prognostic value of PD-L1 CNV in Indonesian advanced BC who received primary systemic therapy.</p>

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PD-L1 copy number loss is associated with lower survival in women with advanced breast cancer in Indonesian cohort

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Ramadhan Karsono,
  • Muhammad Al Azhar,
  • Anggana Dyah Utari,
  • Adhitya Bayu Perdana,
  • Ermita Rizki Umaya

摘要

Background

The prognostic value of PD-L1 copy number variation (CNV) in advanced breast cancer (BC) patients remains unclear. This study investigated the association between PD-L1 CNV and its prognostic significance in advanced BC.

Methods

PD-L1 CNV was analyzed using real-time PCR in advanced BC patients (n = 132) who received chemotherapy or hormonal therapy, along with a non-malignant control group (n = 5) obtained from patients with histopathologically confirmed fibroadenoma used as reference controls. The association of PD-L1 CNV with overall survival and clinicopathological features was determined.

Results

PD-L1 CNVs were identified in 22% (29/132) of advanced BC cases, comprising 9 CN losses and 20 CN gains. PDL-1 CN loss was associated with low overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.10–6.21; p = 0.024) and remained significant after multivariate adjustment (HR = 3.13; 95% CI = 1.23–7.94; p = 0.016). The adverse prognostic effect was pronounced in HR-positive (p = 0.004) and HER2-negative patients (p = 0.040). PD-L1 CNVs were more frequent in patients > 40 years (p = 0.027) and HER2-negative tumors (p = 0.019).

Conclusions

PD-L1 CN loss was associated with lower OS, particularly in HR(+) and HER2(–) patients. This result revealed the prognostic value of PD-L1 CNV in Indonesian advanced BC who received primary systemic therapy.