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Background <p>Pregnant women with prenatal depression could have distinctly heterogeneous constellations of symptoms. Classifying prenatal depressive symptoms into different subtypes using a person-centered approach and investigating their associated factors are beneficial for personalized assessment and management of the disorder. However, relevant evidence is still lacking.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in the obstetrics outpatient clinics of two university-affiliated, governmental, tertiary hospitals in Xi’an City, Northwestern China. A total of 1020 pregnant women were included in the study and administered with a researcher-designed sociodemographic, health-related and pregnancy-related information sheet, the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the five-level EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale. Latent profile analysis was used to classify prenatal depressive symptoms into different subtypes, while a multivariate binomial logistic regression model was employed to identify the associated factors of the different subtypes. Health-related quality of life, prenatal anxiety and stress were compared across subtypes of prenatal depressive symptoms.</p> Results <p>Prenatal depressive symptoms were classified into three subtypes, including ‘minimal-to-mild symptoms’ (58.6%), ‘mild-to-moderate psychosomatic symptoms’ (17.1%) and ‘mild-to-moderate melancholic symptoms’ (24.3%). Multiple sociodemographic, health-related and pregnancy-related factors were associated with the subtypes of prenatal depressive symptoms. Moreover, health-related quality of life, prenatal anxiety and stress differed significantly across subtypes of prenatal depressive symptoms.</p> Conclusions <p>Pregnant women with depressive symptoms could be classified into distinct subgroups characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations. With further validation, investigating the relevant associated factors may become a useful addition to routine prenatal healthcare, facilitating the identification of women at risk of different subtypes and the implementation of early individualized management.</p>

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Subtypes and associated factors of prenatal depressive symptoms and their association with health-related quality of life among pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Lanting Huo,
  • Xingfeng Yu,
  • Anum Nisar,
  • Yujia Ma,
  • Yiping Nan,
  • Lei Yang,
  • Xiaowei Li,
  • Xiaomei Li

摘要

Background

Pregnant women with prenatal depression could have distinctly heterogeneous constellations of symptoms. Classifying prenatal depressive symptoms into different subtypes using a person-centered approach and investigating their associated factors are beneficial for personalized assessment and management of the disorder. However, relevant evidence is still lacking.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the obstetrics outpatient clinics of two university-affiliated, governmental, tertiary hospitals in Xi’an City, Northwestern China. A total of 1020 pregnant women were included in the study and administered with a researcher-designed sociodemographic, health-related and pregnancy-related information sheet, the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the five-level EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale. Latent profile analysis was used to classify prenatal depressive symptoms into different subtypes, while a multivariate binomial logistic regression model was employed to identify the associated factors of the different subtypes. Health-related quality of life, prenatal anxiety and stress were compared across subtypes of prenatal depressive symptoms.

Results

Prenatal depressive symptoms were classified into three subtypes, including ‘minimal-to-mild symptoms’ (58.6%), ‘mild-to-moderate psychosomatic symptoms’ (17.1%) and ‘mild-to-moderate melancholic symptoms’ (24.3%). Multiple sociodemographic, health-related and pregnancy-related factors were associated with the subtypes of prenatal depressive symptoms. Moreover, health-related quality of life, prenatal anxiety and stress differed significantly across subtypes of prenatal depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Pregnant women with depressive symptoms could be classified into distinct subgroups characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations. With further validation, investigating the relevant associated factors may become a useful addition to routine prenatal healthcare, facilitating the identification of women at risk of different subtypes and the implementation of early individualized management.