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<p>This study investigated trimester-specific associations between maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) chemical constituents, precursor gases, and low birth weight (LBW) risk. Using a retrospective cohort of 4,855 singleton live births in Beijing (2017–2018), the study assessed exposure to 8 PM<sub>2.5</sub> components and 4 precursor gases across pregnancy stages via logistic regression and quantile g-computation for mixture effects. The LBW prevalence was 3.7%. Third-trimester exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound nitrate (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4–3.4) and NO<sub>2</sub> (aOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.9–6.7) showed strongest associations with LBW. Whole-pregnancy exposure to magnesium (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2–4.4) and O<sub>3</sub> (aOR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4–2.8) also demonstrated significant risks. Mixture analysis identified potassium and calcium as the strongest positive PM<sub>2.5</sub> contributors to LBW risk, while HNO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> dominated precursor gas impacts. These findings emphasize that chemical composition should be explicitly considered in air pollution studies to achieve a comprehensive assessment of health effects. Targeting pollution sources characterized by nitrate-rich combustion products and traffic-related emissions, especially during late pregnancy, could yield substantial public health benefits by reducing LBW incidence.</p>

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Trimester-specific exposure to PM2.5 constituents, precursor gases, and their impact on low birth weight: a retrospective cohort study in Beijing, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Fang Ye,
  • Jia Sun,
  • Pusheng Zhao,
  • Jing Liu,
  • Qi Sun,
  • Haixiao Liang,
  • Jie Chen,
  • Qi Zhang

摘要

This study investigated trimester-specific associations between maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) chemical constituents, precursor gases, and low birth weight (LBW) risk. Using a retrospective cohort of 4,855 singleton live births in Beijing (2017–2018), the study assessed exposure to 8 PM2.5 components and 4 precursor gases across pregnancy stages via logistic regression and quantile g-computation for mixture effects. The LBW prevalence was 3.7%. Third-trimester exposure to PM2.5-bound nitrate (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4–3.4) and NO2 (aOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.9–6.7) showed strongest associations with LBW. Whole-pregnancy exposure to magnesium (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2–4.4) and O3 (aOR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4–2.8) also demonstrated significant risks. Mixture analysis identified potassium and calcium as the strongest positive PM2.5 contributors to LBW risk, while HNO2 and NO2 dominated precursor gas impacts. These findings emphasize that chemical composition should be explicitly considered in air pollution studies to achieve a comprehensive assessment of health effects. Targeting pollution sources characterized by nitrate-rich combustion products and traffic-related emissions, especially during late pregnancy, could yield substantial public health benefits by reducing LBW incidence.