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Background <p>Radiation-induced nephropathy is a major concern, particularly for patients undergoing radiotherapy. This study investigates melatonin’s (MEL) protective effects against kidney damage induced by Flattening Filter (low dose rate-LDR) and Flattening Filter Free (high dose rate-HDR) X-ray by focusing on apoptosis and SIRT1 modulation in rats.</p> Methods <p>Forty rats were divided into five groups (<i>n</i> = 8): Group 1 (control), Group 2 (FF-LDR, 400MU/min), Group 3 (MEL + FF-LDR), Group 4 (FFF-HDR, 1400MU/min), and Group 5 (MEL + FFF-HDR). Groups 3 and 5 received 10&#xa0;mg/kg MEL intraperitoneally 15&#xa0;min before an 8&#xa0;Gy abdominal irradiation. Rats were sacrificed 48&#xa0;h post-radiotherapy for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the kidney.</p> Results <p>The FFF-HDR group showed fewer atypical glomeruli and lost brush borders, and epithelial connections compared to the FF-LDR group. The MEL + FFF-HDR group had significantly fewer atypical glomeruli and brush border losses than the MEL + FF-LDR group. Additionally, while SIRT1 expression increased in both the FF and FFF groups following MEL treatment, this increase was significant only in the MEL + FFF-HDR group compared to the control group. MEL pretreatment effectively decreased cellular apoptosis in both MEL + FFF-HDR and MEL + FF-LDR groups.</p> Conclusions <p>Melatonin has been proven to be an effective radioprotective agent against renal nephropathy and cellular apoptosis induced by FF and FFF beams. Additionally, pre-treatment with MEL has been shown to enhance SIRT1 expression, thereby protecting the kidneys from acute radiation damage, particularly from high-dose rate radiation.</p>

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Comparative analysis of melatonin’s protective role against flattening filter and flattening filter-free X-ray induced nephropathy: focus on apoptosis and SIRT1 modulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月8日

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  • Kubra Sevgin,
  • Tansel Sapmaz,
  • Esra Erdem,
  • Sude Topkaraoglu,
  • Kubra Basol Baki,
  • Serhat Aras

摘要

Background

Radiation-induced nephropathy is a major concern, particularly for patients undergoing radiotherapy. This study investigates melatonin’s (MEL) protective effects against kidney damage induced by Flattening Filter (low dose rate-LDR) and Flattening Filter Free (high dose rate-HDR) X-ray by focusing on apoptosis and SIRT1 modulation in rats.

Methods

Forty rats were divided into five groups (n = 8): Group 1 (control), Group 2 (FF-LDR, 400MU/min), Group 3 (MEL + FF-LDR), Group 4 (FFF-HDR, 1400MU/min), and Group 5 (MEL + FFF-HDR). Groups 3 and 5 received 10 mg/kg MEL intraperitoneally 15 min before an 8 Gy abdominal irradiation. Rats were sacrificed 48 h post-radiotherapy for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the kidney.

Results

The FFF-HDR group showed fewer atypical glomeruli and lost brush borders, and epithelial connections compared to the FF-LDR group. The MEL + FFF-HDR group had significantly fewer atypical glomeruli and brush border losses than the MEL + FF-LDR group. Additionally, while SIRT1 expression increased in both the FF and FFF groups following MEL treatment, this increase was significant only in the MEL + FFF-HDR group compared to the control group. MEL pretreatment effectively decreased cellular apoptosis in both MEL + FFF-HDR and MEL + FF-LDR groups.

Conclusions

Melatonin has been proven to be an effective radioprotective agent against renal nephropathy and cellular apoptosis induced by FF and FFF beams. Additionally, pre-treatment with MEL has been shown to enhance SIRT1 expression, thereby protecting the kidneys from acute radiation damage, particularly from high-dose rate radiation.