Scholarlink

Background <p>Essential agricultural workers in Central America and their households faced a high force of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we evaluated if pre-existing seropositivity and vaccination (hybrid immunity) influenced SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and duration of shedding in an agricultural community in rural Guatemala.</p> Methods <p>Individuals from 70 households were enrolled in a community cohort. From September 2021 to December 2022, all participants reported symptoms twice-weekly and provided saliva weekly for SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Following detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a household, all enrolled household members provided saliva tested three times weekly for four weeks for RT-PCR testing to determine the duration of viral shedding among infected participants. We selected 119 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive individuals and 101 month-matched controls to measure nucleocapsid IgG and Omicron neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers.</p> Results <p>Compared to uninfected controls, SARS-CoV-2 cases were more frequently female (60.5% vs. 48.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.08), had fewer vaccine doses (<i>p</i> = 0.07), and were less likely to have hybrid immunity (<i>p</i> = 0.08). Compared to controls, SARS-CoV-2 cases had lower median titers of nucleocapsid IgG (cutoff index [COI] = 9.6 vs. 23.6, <i>p</i> = 0.12) and Omicron NAb (28.4 vs. 50.4, <i>p</i> = 0.15). SARS-CoV-2 cases also had lower NAb than controls among those vaccinated with 1 (16.1 vs. 182.7, <i>p</i> = 0.01), 2 (11.9 vs. 87.0, <i>p</i> = 0.04), or 3 doses (13.4 vs. 232.5, <i>p</i> = 0.004), and those considered up-to-date on vaccination (13.1 vs. 155.6, <i>p</i> = 0.0001). Nucleocapsid IgG and Omicron NAb were similar between individuals with short (<i>≤</i> 7 days) vs. long (&gt; 7 days) viral shedding durations.</p> Conclusions <p>In a household cohort of Guatemalan agricultural workers, cumulative vaccine doses associated with lower odds of infection. Among those previously vaccinated, lower titers of nucleocapsid IgG and Omicron NAb were associated with elevated infection risk, highlighting the importance of hybrid immunity in COVID-19 protection in this population.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Vaccination and hybrid immunity is associated with SARS-CoV-2 protection but not shedding duration in rural Guatemalan households

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

查看全文
  • Bradley S. Barrett,
  • Molly M. Lamb,
  • Kejun Guo,
  • Diva Mirella Calvimontes Barrientos,
  • Neudy Rojop,
  • Claire Bradley,
  • Hashem Anabtawi,
  • Kareen Arias,
  • Claudia Paiz,
  • Julio del Cid-Villatoro,
  • Edwin J. Asturias,
  • Mario L. Santiago,
  • Daniel Olson

摘要

Background

Essential agricultural workers in Central America and their households faced a high force of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we evaluated if pre-existing seropositivity and vaccination (hybrid immunity) influenced SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and duration of shedding in an agricultural community in rural Guatemala.

Methods

Individuals from 70 households were enrolled in a community cohort. From September 2021 to December 2022, all participants reported symptoms twice-weekly and provided saliva weekly for SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Following detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a household, all enrolled household members provided saliva tested three times weekly for four weeks for RT-PCR testing to determine the duration of viral shedding among infected participants. We selected 119 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive individuals and 101 month-matched controls to measure nucleocapsid IgG and Omicron neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers.

Results

Compared to uninfected controls, SARS-CoV-2 cases were more frequently female (60.5% vs. 48.5%, p = 0.08), had fewer vaccine doses (p = 0.07), and were less likely to have hybrid immunity (p = 0.08). Compared to controls, SARS-CoV-2 cases had lower median titers of nucleocapsid IgG (cutoff index [COI] = 9.6 vs. 23.6, p = 0.12) and Omicron NAb (28.4 vs. 50.4, p = 0.15). SARS-CoV-2 cases also had lower NAb than controls among those vaccinated with 1 (16.1 vs. 182.7, p = 0.01), 2 (11.9 vs. 87.0, p = 0.04), or 3 doses (13.4 vs. 232.5, p = 0.004), and those considered up-to-date on vaccination (13.1 vs. 155.6, p = 0.0001). Nucleocapsid IgG and Omicron NAb were similar between individuals with short (≤ 7 days) vs. long (> 7 days) viral shedding durations.

Conclusions

In a household cohort of Guatemalan agricultural workers, cumulative vaccine doses associated with lower odds of infection. Among those previously vaccinated, lower titers of nucleocapsid IgG and Omicron NAb were associated with elevated infection risk, highlighting the importance of hybrid immunity in COVID-19 protection in this population.