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Background <p>Rift Valley fever (RVF) poses a recurring public health and economic challenge in Uganda’s cattle corridor. It is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), with high livestock density, favorable rainfall patterns, and close human–animal interaction facilitating viral transmission and disease outbreaks. Although RVF outbreaks have occurred, data on human exposure in south-central Uganda remain limited.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study assessed the seroprevalence and associated factors of RVFV exposure among selected communities in the greater Masaka-Rakai region of south-central Uganda. Archived human sera (<i>n</i> = 1,199) retrospectively collected between June 2018 and October 2020 from the population-based Rakai Community Cohort Study were analyzed using both indirect in-house and commercial ID Screen<sup>®</sup> RVF competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect RVFV IgG antibodies. Household census and socio-demographic data were linked to serological results, and logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with seropositivity.</p> Results <p>RVFV IgG antibodies were detected in 86 of 1,199 (7.8%) individuals. In multivariable analysis, RVFV seropositivity was significantly associated with residence in agrarian communities and older age groups (25–34 and ≥ 35 years), while pig ownership was associated with lower risks of exposure.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings suggest RVFV human exposure in south-central Uganda and emphasize the need for strengthened surveillance, targeted prevention, and One Health interventions to protect high-risk groups.</p>

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Seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever virus and factors associated with exposure in south-central Uganda

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Josephine Nalwadda,
  • Victor Ssempijja,
  • Steven J. Reynolds,
  • Gerald Katushabe,
  • Jonah Omooja,
  • Evan A. Mihalakakos,
  • Deepashri Rao,
  • Kyle Rosenke,
  • Mary K. Grabowski,
  • Ronald M. Galiwango,
  • Robert Ssekubugu,
  • David Meya,
  • Denis K. Byarugaba,
  • Heinz Feldmann,
  • David W. Hawman

摘要

Background

Rift Valley fever (RVF) poses a recurring public health and economic challenge in Uganda’s cattle corridor. It is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), with high livestock density, favorable rainfall patterns, and close human–animal interaction facilitating viral transmission and disease outbreaks. Although RVF outbreaks have occurred, data on human exposure in south-central Uganda remain limited.

Methods

This cross-sectional study assessed the seroprevalence and associated factors of RVFV exposure among selected communities in the greater Masaka-Rakai region of south-central Uganda. Archived human sera (n = 1,199) retrospectively collected between June 2018 and October 2020 from the population-based Rakai Community Cohort Study were analyzed using both indirect in-house and commercial ID Screen® RVF competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect RVFV IgG antibodies. Household census and socio-demographic data were linked to serological results, and logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with seropositivity.

Results

RVFV IgG antibodies were detected in 86 of 1,199 (7.8%) individuals. In multivariable analysis, RVFV seropositivity was significantly associated with residence in agrarian communities and older age groups (25–34 and ≥ 35 years), while pig ownership was associated with lower risks of exposure.

Conclusion

These findings suggest RVFV human exposure in south-central Uganda and emphasize the need for strengthened surveillance, targeted prevention, and One Health interventions to protect high-risk groups.