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Background <p><i>Aeromonas</i> species are considered opportunistic emerging pathogens with diarrheal disease being the most common manifestation. Infections involving more than one strain or species of <i>Aeromonas</i> are rarely documented, and their impact in the development of the infection and in the treatment has not been thoroughly investigated.</p> Case presentation <p>We report a case of a 33-year-old woman with a history of an autoimmune disease, who presented at the emergency department complaining of abdominal pain, fever, acute diarrhea and vomiting. The patient was diagnosed with gastroenteritis caused by <i>Aeromonas caviae</i>, based on the identification of the bacteria from a single isolate using the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Further investigations, from a new culture, after genotyping eight isolates using ERIC-PCR and identification based on <i>rpoD</i> gene sequences, revealed the presence of two different <i>Aeromonas</i> species and six distinct strains, five belonging to <i>A. caviae</i> and one to <i>Aeromonas veronii.</i> A review of published <i>Aeromonas</i> mixed infection cases was performed to determine the current knowledge.</p> Conclusions <p>Standard diagnostics rely on the identification and evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility of a single isolate taken from the culture media. This case aims to raise awareness among clinicians of the existence of polymicrobial infections and highlights the limitations of isolating a single colony. This may underestimate the genetic diversity within a sample, as different clones of the same or different species with varying antimicrobial resistance can potentially impact treatment response and the evolution of the infection. The reviewed cases of polymicrobial <i>Aeromonas</i> infections highlight the limited knowledge regarding their true incidence and potential clinical impact, which may influence antibiotic treatment and patient outcomes and underscores the need for further research.</p>

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Gastrointestinal infection caused by five different strains of Aeromonas caviae and one of Aeromonas veronii: case report and review of the literature

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Gemma Recio Comí,
  • Maria José Figueras,
  • Ana Fernández-Bravo

摘要

Background

Aeromonas species are considered opportunistic emerging pathogens with diarrheal disease being the most common manifestation. Infections involving more than one strain or species of Aeromonas are rarely documented, and their impact in the development of the infection and in the treatment has not been thoroughly investigated.

Case presentation

We report a case of a 33-year-old woman with a history of an autoimmune disease, who presented at the emergency department complaining of abdominal pain, fever, acute diarrhea and vomiting. The patient was diagnosed with gastroenteritis caused by Aeromonas caviae, based on the identification of the bacteria from a single isolate using the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Further investigations, from a new culture, after genotyping eight isolates using ERIC-PCR and identification based on rpoD gene sequences, revealed the presence of two different Aeromonas species and six distinct strains, five belonging to A. caviae and one to Aeromonas veronii. A review of published Aeromonas mixed infection cases was performed to determine the current knowledge.

Conclusions

Standard diagnostics rely on the identification and evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility of a single isolate taken from the culture media. This case aims to raise awareness among clinicians of the existence of polymicrobial infections and highlights the limitations of isolating a single colony. This may underestimate the genetic diversity within a sample, as different clones of the same or different species with varying antimicrobial resistance can potentially impact treatment response and the evolution of the infection. The reviewed cases of polymicrobial Aeromonas infections highlight the limited knowledge regarding their true incidence and potential clinical impact, which may influence antibiotic treatment and patient outcomes and underscores the need for further research.