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Objectives <p>Most of the clinical and economic burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in pediatric populations is concentrated among infants aged &lt; 1 year. This study aimed to estimate the recent incidence, healthcare costs and rehospitalization risk associated with RSV-related hospitalizations in infants &lt; 1 year of age in France.</p> Methods <p>The study analyzed the French National Hospital Database (PMSI) between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2023. Outside of the classically defined epidemic season (October–March), RSV-related hospitalizations in infants were identified based on RSV-specific diagnosis codes and by both specific and non-specific RSV diagnosis codes during the epidemic season. Analyses were stratified by calendar months, by age in months and weeks for infants under 2 months. Lengths of stays (LOS), intensive care units (ICU) admissions, costs and rehospitalization rates were described. Rehospitalization rate was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator.</p> Results <p>A total of 354,837 RSV-related hospitalizations were identified, representing an average of 44,355 per year, and a rate of 4.9 hospitalizations per 1,000 births. Overall, 76.4% occurred between November and February (epidemic peak), and 21.1% in September-October and March-April (transition months). ICU admission was observed in 27.2% of hospitalizations. The median (Q1–Q3) hospital and ICU LOS were 3.0 days (1.0–5.0) and 3.0 days (2.0–5.0), respectively. The mean (SD) hospital cost was €3,110 (€4,694), for an annual cumulative cost of €137.9&#xa0;million. Younger infants had longer and costlier stays, with greater need for ICU. Infants younger than 3 months accounted for 46.5% of the hospitalizations, 58.5% of ICU stays and 54.9% of cumulative LOS. RSV-associated rehospitalization rates [95%CI] were 10.1% [10.0%–10.3%] and 11.7% [11.5%–11.9%] at three and 12 months, respectively.</p> Conclusions <p>RSV infections are estimated to cause &gt; 44,000 hospitalizations annually in infants in France, representing a total cost exceeding €130&#xa0;million, annually. This study highlighted the impact of transitional months in RSV circulation. It also emphasized that the youngest patients (&lt; 3 months) represent nearly 50% of the economic burden. To reduce RSV disease burden, it is essential to protect infants against RSV both inside and outside the classically defined epidemic season, especially in the first months of life.</p> Clinical trial <p>Not applicable.</p>

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Epidemiology and economic burden of hospitalizations attributable to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection among infants in France, 2016 to 2023 – EPIBREATHE study

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Robert Cohen,
  • Marta C. Nunes,
  • Alexis Rybak,
  • Louis Chillotti,
  • Céline Kernaleguen,
  • Françoise Bugnard,
  • William Greenwood,
  • Yasmine Fahfouhi,
  • Stéphane Fiévez,
  • Emmanuelle Blanc,
  • Corinne Levy,
  • Marie-Laure Charkaluk

摘要

Objectives

Most of the clinical and economic burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in pediatric populations is concentrated among infants aged < 1 year. This study aimed to estimate the recent incidence, healthcare costs and rehospitalization risk associated with RSV-related hospitalizations in infants < 1 year of age in France.

Methods

The study analyzed the French National Hospital Database (PMSI) between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2023. Outside of the classically defined epidemic season (October–March), RSV-related hospitalizations in infants were identified based on RSV-specific diagnosis codes and by both specific and non-specific RSV diagnosis codes during the epidemic season. Analyses were stratified by calendar months, by age in months and weeks for infants under 2 months. Lengths of stays (LOS), intensive care units (ICU) admissions, costs and rehospitalization rates were described. Rehospitalization rate was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator.

Results

A total of 354,837 RSV-related hospitalizations were identified, representing an average of 44,355 per year, and a rate of 4.9 hospitalizations per 1,000 births. Overall, 76.4% occurred between November and February (epidemic peak), and 21.1% in September-October and March-April (transition months). ICU admission was observed in 27.2% of hospitalizations. The median (Q1–Q3) hospital and ICU LOS were 3.0 days (1.0–5.0) and 3.0 days (2.0–5.0), respectively. The mean (SD) hospital cost was €3,110 (€4,694), for an annual cumulative cost of €137.9 million. Younger infants had longer and costlier stays, with greater need for ICU. Infants younger than 3 months accounted for 46.5% of the hospitalizations, 58.5% of ICU stays and 54.9% of cumulative LOS. RSV-associated rehospitalization rates [95%CI] were 10.1% [10.0%–10.3%] and 11.7% [11.5%–11.9%] at three and 12 months, respectively.

Conclusions

RSV infections are estimated to cause > 44,000 hospitalizations annually in infants in France, representing a total cost exceeding €130 million, annually. This study highlighted the impact of transitional months in RSV circulation. It also emphasized that the youngest patients (< 3 months) represent nearly 50% of the economic burden. To reduce RSV disease burden, it is essential to protect infants against RSV both inside and outside the classically defined epidemic season, especially in the first months of life.

Clinical trial

Not applicable.