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Background <p>In Sub-Saharan Africa the precarious health situation resulting from malaria has been further complicated by the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, data on the burden of the virus in Cameroon remains limited. Here, we estimated prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-<i>Plasmodium</i> antibodies in urban and rural areas of the West Region of Cameroon during April and May 2022.</p> Methods <p>This was a cross-sectional study performed in Bafoussam (urban) and Fongo-Tongo (rural) in the West Region of Cameroon. Rapid diagnostic tests were used to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-<i>Plasmodium</i> antibodies from whole blood samples collected via finger puncture. A total of 805 participants were included in the study. The association between seropositivity and recent history of common COVID-19 symptoms as well as the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-<i>Plasmodium</i> antibodies were analysed using the logistic regression model.</p> Results <p>The overall antibody seroprevalence was 60.1% for SARS-CoV-2. In urban settings, the seroprevalence was 66.6%, including 62.11% IgG positivity, 0.9% IgM, and 2.7% co-detection of both IgG and IgM antibodies. In rural zone it was 54.0% with 51.8% of positivity due to IgG, 0.3% of IgM and 1.9% co-detection of both IgG and IgM antibodies. The overall seroprevalence <i>of anti-Plasmodium</i> antibodies was 22.2% and was high in rural zone with 31.4% compared to 14.8% reported in urban zone. Of the total seroprevalence, <i>anti-Plasmodium</i> antibodies of 21% was attributed to <i>P. falciparum</i>, while 2.11% was due to <i>P. vivax</i>. The generalised linear binomial model revealed no association between the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and anti-<i>Plasmodium</i> antibodies. SARS-CoV-2 antibody presence was associated with symptoms such as fever, dry cough, headache, loss of taste and smell, and body aches while fever, Sore-throat diarrhoea were found as symptoms associated to anti-<i>Plasmodium</i> antibodies. Additionally, a positive association between SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies and <i>Plasmodium</i> antibodies was observed.</p> Conclusion <p>This study demonstrated a moderate-to-high seroprevalence of both anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-<i>Plasmodium</i> antibodies in urban and rural areas of Cameroon. However, further research is required to determine the persistence delay as well as the functionality of these assayed antibodies.</p>

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Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-Plasmodium falciparum and vivax antibodies in urban and rural zones in the West Region of Cameroon

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Rolin Mitterran Ndefo Kamga,
  • Nsani Clifford Ajim,
  • Pythagore Fogue Soubgwi,
  • Harry Noyes,
  • Annette MacLeod,
  • Gustave Simo,
  • Walt E. Adamson

摘要

Background

In Sub-Saharan Africa the precarious health situation resulting from malaria has been further complicated by the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, data on the burden of the virus in Cameroon remains limited. Here, we estimated prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-Plasmodium antibodies in urban and rural areas of the West Region of Cameroon during April and May 2022.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study performed in Bafoussam (urban) and Fongo-Tongo (rural) in the West Region of Cameroon. Rapid diagnostic tests were used to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-Plasmodium antibodies from whole blood samples collected via finger puncture. A total of 805 participants were included in the study. The association between seropositivity and recent history of common COVID-19 symptoms as well as the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-Plasmodium antibodies were analysed using the logistic regression model.

Results

The overall antibody seroprevalence was 60.1% for SARS-CoV-2. In urban settings, the seroprevalence was 66.6%, including 62.11% IgG positivity, 0.9% IgM, and 2.7% co-detection of both IgG and IgM antibodies. In rural zone it was 54.0% with 51.8% of positivity due to IgG, 0.3% of IgM and 1.9% co-detection of both IgG and IgM antibodies. The overall seroprevalence of anti-Plasmodium antibodies was 22.2% and was high in rural zone with 31.4% compared to 14.8% reported in urban zone. Of the total seroprevalence, anti-Plasmodium antibodies of 21% was attributed to P. falciparum, while 2.11% was due to P. vivax. The generalised linear binomial model revealed no association between the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and anti-Plasmodium antibodies. SARS-CoV-2 antibody presence was associated with symptoms such as fever, dry cough, headache, loss of taste and smell, and body aches while fever, Sore-throat diarrhoea were found as symptoms associated to anti-Plasmodium antibodies. Additionally, a positive association between SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies and Plasmodium antibodies was observed.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated a moderate-to-high seroprevalence of both anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-Plasmodium antibodies in urban and rural areas of Cameroon. However, further research is required to determine the persistence delay as well as the functionality of these assayed antibodies.