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Background <p>The study aims to investigate the demographic characteristics, the variations in their immune status, and mortality risk among HIV-1 infection long-term non-progressors (LTNP).</p> Methods <p>Eligible LTNP and typical progressors (TP) were recruited in Guangxi by December 2018. Participants were followed up until December 2022, monitoring ART status, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell counts, and survival/death outcomes. Multivariate logistic, Cox regression, and Kaplan-Meier method were employed to scrutinize associated factors and mortality risk of LTNP.</p> Results <p>A total of 212 LTNP and 390 TP were included. LTNP cohort predominantly comprised males (84.43%), those diagnosed with HIV at age ≤ 40 years (93.87%), and those infected through injection drug use (59.91%). The mortality rate of LTNP were lower than TP (12.74% vs. 27.18%). TP had a higher mortality risk compared to LTNP (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 4.051, 95% CI: 2.284–7.186, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The mortality risk was also elevated in the ART-naïve group versus the ART-experienced ones (aHR = 3.943, 95%CI: 2.658–5.850, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Notably, the CD4/CD8 ratio in the LTNP group did not fully recover (&lt; 1.0) despite ART. However, LTNP with ART-experienced had a significantly lower mortality risk compared to ART-naïve LTNP group (Log-rank: <i>P</i> = 0.003).</p> Conclusions <p>ART effectively restores and maintains normal CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell levels among LTNP, thereby decreasing mortality risk. Nonetheless, the CD4/CD8 ratio in LTNP exhibits incompletely recovered post-ART. These findings provide a scientific foundation for promoting ART in LTNP population.</p>

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Effect of antiretroviral therapy on the mortality of HIV-1 infection long-term non-progressors: a cohort study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月16日

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  • Jinming Su,
  • Jie Liu,
  • Fengxiang Qin,
  • Rongfeng Chen,
  • Tongxue Qin,
  • Xing Tao,
  • Xiu Chen,
  • Wen Hong,
  • Bingyu Liang,
  • Ping Cui,
  • Li Ye,
  • Junjun Jiang,
  • Hao Liang

摘要

Background

The study aims to investigate the demographic characteristics, the variations in their immune status, and mortality risk among HIV-1 infection long-term non-progressors (LTNP).

Methods

Eligible LTNP and typical progressors (TP) were recruited in Guangxi by December 2018. Participants were followed up until December 2022, monitoring ART status, CD4+ T cell counts, and survival/death outcomes. Multivariate logistic, Cox regression, and Kaplan-Meier method were employed to scrutinize associated factors and mortality risk of LTNP.

Results

A total of 212 LTNP and 390 TP were included. LTNP cohort predominantly comprised males (84.43%), those diagnosed with HIV at age ≤ 40 years (93.87%), and those infected through injection drug use (59.91%). The mortality rate of LTNP were lower than TP (12.74% vs. 27.18%). TP had a higher mortality risk compared to LTNP (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 4.051, 95% CI: 2.284–7.186, P < 0.001). The mortality risk was also elevated in the ART-naïve group versus the ART-experienced ones (aHR = 3.943, 95%CI: 2.658–5.850, P < 0.001). Notably, the CD4/CD8 ratio in the LTNP group did not fully recover (< 1.0) despite ART. However, LTNP with ART-experienced had a significantly lower mortality risk compared to ART-naïve LTNP group (Log-rank: P = 0.003).

Conclusions

ART effectively restores and maintains normal CD4+ T cell levels among LTNP, thereby decreasing mortality risk. Nonetheless, the CD4/CD8 ratio in LTNP exhibits incompletely recovered post-ART. These findings provide a scientific foundation for promoting ART in LTNP population.