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Background <p>Older adults have different lifestyle habits, and some of these habits are intertwined. However, research on lifestyle patterns and their impact on physical frailty and subjective cognitive function is still limited. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of healthy lifestyle patterns on changes in physical frailty and subjective cognitive function over time in community-dwelling older adults.</p> Methods <p>We used data from longitudinal surveys (2014–2017) involving independently mobile older adults aged ≥ 65 years in suburban Japan. Healthy lifestyle factors included smoking status, alcohol consumption status, exercise, social participation, and dietary diversity. Physical frailty and cognitive function were assessed using the Kihon Checklist. Latent class analysis was used to identify lifestyle patterns and generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the associations with 3-year changes in outcomes.</p> Results <p>Among 757 participants (mean age 73.27 ± 6.59 years, 53.8% female), three lifestyle patterns were identified: “Low Exercise, Socially Inactive” (20.3%), “High Smoking and Alcohol Consumption” (6.6%), and “Healthy Lifestyle” (73.1%). Over 3 years, compared to the Healthy Lifestyle group, the Low Exercise, Socially Inactive group had higher physical frailty scores (β = 0.408, 95% confidence interval [CI: 0.197, 0.619]) and subjective cognitive function scores (β = 0.259, 95% CI [0.122, 0.397]). The High Smoking and Alcohol Consumption group also showed increased subjective cognitive function scores (β = 0.196, 95% CI [0.017, 0.376]).</p> Conclusions <p>Different lifestyles were associated with different health risks in older adults. These lifestyle patterns, such as low physical activity and social participation, were associated with increased physical frailty and subjective cognitive decline. These findings suggest that latent class analysis may be useful for identifying lifestyle patterns that could inform the development of targeted interventions to promote healthy aging.</p>

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Association of healthy lifestyle patterns with changes in physical frailty and subjective cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults: a 3-year longitudinal study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Mengjiao Yang,
  • Yang Liu,
  • Munenori Matsumoto,
  • Dandan Jiao,
  • Zhu Zhu,
  • Xiang Li,
  • Mingyu Cui,
  • Jinrui Zhang,
  • Meiling Qian,
  • Lujiao Huang,
  • Tokie Anme

摘要

Background

Older adults have different lifestyle habits, and some of these habits are intertwined. However, research on lifestyle patterns and their impact on physical frailty and subjective cognitive function is still limited. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of healthy lifestyle patterns on changes in physical frailty and subjective cognitive function over time in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

We used data from longitudinal surveys (2014–2017) involving independently mobile older adults aged ≥ 65 years in suburban Japan. Healthy lifestyle factors included smoking status, alcohol consumption status, exercise, social participation, and dietary diversity. Physical frailty and cognitive function were assessed using the Kihon Checklist. Latent class analysis was used to identify lifestyle patterns and generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the associations with 3-year changes in outcomes.

Results

Among 757 participants (mean age 73.27 ± 6.59 years, 53.8% female), three lifestyle patterns were identified: “Low Exercise, Socially Inactive” (20.3%), “High Smoking and Alcohol Consumption” (6.6%), and “Healthy Lifestyle” (73.1%). Over 3 years, compared to the Healthy Lifestyle group, the Low Exercise, Socially Inactive group had higher physical frailty scores (β = 0.408, 95% confidence interval [CI: 0.197, 0.619]) and subjective cognitive function scores (β = 0.259, 95% CI [0.122, 0.397]). The High Smoking and Alcohol Consumption group also showed increased subjective cognitive function scores (β = 0.196, 95% CI [0.017, 0.376]).

Conclusions

Different lifestyles were associated with different health risks in older adults. These lifestyle patterns, such as low physical activity and social participation, were associated with increased physical frailty and subjective cognitive decline. These findings suggest that latent class analysis may be useful for identifying lifestyle patterns that could inform the development of targeted interventions to promote healthy aging.