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Background <p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) constitutes a global public health challenge, afflicting individuals across nearly all age groups over the long term. However, few systematic investigations have assessed the associated disease burden from a socioeconomic perspective.​</p> Methods <p>GERD data were extracted from the GBD 2021 database, encompassing data from the global level, 5 sociodemographic index (SDI) groups, and 24 GBD regions for the period of 1990–2021. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to characterize temporal trends. Health inequality analysis, decomposition analysis and frontier analysis were employed to evaluate the disease burden.</p> Results <p>From 1990 to 2021, the global number of incident cases increased from 180&#xa0;million to 324&#xa0;million, the number of prevalent cases increased from 451&#xa0;million to 826&#xa0;million, and the number of disability-adjusted life years increased from 3.47&#xa0;million to 6.34&#xa0;million. Compared with men, women presented a greater disease burden. The SDI showed a weak negative correlation with the disease burden, and the burden remained concentrated among low-SDI populations over the 30-year period (CII= -0.04), with no improvement observed. Decomposition analysis revealed that population growth (64.58%‒68.46%) and aging (22.85%‒29.53%) were the primary drivers of the increased burden, whereas epidemiological changes in high-SDI regions had negative effects. Frontier analysis indicated that regions with an SDI &gt; 0.75 had the greatest potential for reduction.​</p> Conclusion <p>The global disease burden of GERD has continued to increase, with significant disparities across geographical, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics. This study provides a scientific basis for formulating targeted public health strategies and alleviating health inequalities.</p>

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A socioeconomic perspective on the global burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease (1990–2021): findings from the GBD 2021

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Xiao Longwu,
  • Xia Teng

摘要

Background

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) constitutes a global public health challenge, afflicting individuals across nearly all age groups over the long term. However, few systematic investigations have assessed the associated disease burden from a socioeconomic perspective.​

Methods

GERD data were extracted from the GBD 2021 database, encompassing data from the global level, 5 sociodemographic index (SDI) groups, and 24 GBD regions for the period of 1990–2021. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to characterize temporal trends. Health inequality analysis, decomposition analysis and frontier analysis were employed to evaluate the disease burden.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the global number of incident cases increased from 180 million to 324 million, the number of prevalent cases increased from 451 million to 826 million, and the number of disability-adjusted life years increased from 3.47 million to 6.34 million. Compared with men, women presented a greater disease burden. The SDI showed a weak negative correlation with the disease burden, and the burden remained concentrated among low-SDI populations over the 30-year period (CII= -0.04), with no improvement observed. Decomposition analysis revealed that population growth (64.58%‒68.46%) and aging (22.85%‒29.53%) were the primary drivers of the increased burden, whereas epidemiological changes in high-SDI regions had negative effects. Frontier analysis indicated that regions with an SDI > 0.75 had the greatest potential for reduction.​

Conclusion

The global disease burden of GERD has continued to increase, with significant disparities across geographical, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics. This study provides a scientific basis for formulating targeted public health strategies and alleviating health inequalities.