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Background <p>There is a limited body of research examining the association between long COVID and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) as well as all-cause mortality. This study aimed to investigate the association between long COVID and both MACE and mortality.</p> Methods <p>This retrospective cohort study utilized multicenter real-world data from the TriNetX research network platform, which contains electronic health records from multiple healthcare organizations. Patients aged 18 years and older who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between 2020 and 2023 were included. The exposure group comprised individuals diagnosed with long-COVID within 3 to 6 months after their initial COVID-19 diagnosis, while the comparison group included COVID-19 patients without a diagnosis of long-COVID. The primary outcomes were the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality. Follow-up commenced 90 days after the index date and continued until the occurrence of the study outcome or the date of the last available medical record.</p> Results <p>The risk of MACE was markedly higher in the long-COVID cohort compared to the non-long-COVID cohort. The overall hazard ratio (HR) for MACE was 4.48 (95% CI: 3.95–5.07). Specific conditions such as coronary artery disease and stroke exhibited particularly high HRs, at 6.48 (5.29–7.95) and 3.46 (2.96–4.04) respectively. Mortality was significantly higher in the long-COVID group, with an HR of 1.53 (1.38–1.69).</p> Conclusions <p>Compared to patients without long COVID, patients with long COVID had a higher risk of developing MACE.</p>

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Association of long-COVID with major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality: a real-world data cohort study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Yueh-Ting Tsai,
  • Bo-Yuan Wang,
  • Sai-Wai Ho,
  • Shun-Fa Yang,
  • Yu-Hsun Wang,
  • Chao-Bin Yeh,
  • Ying-Cheng Chen

摘要

Background

There is a limited body of research examining the association between long COVID and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) as well as all-cause mortality. This study aimed to investigate the association between long COVID and both MACE and mortality.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study utilized multicenter real-world data from the TriNetX research network platform, which contains electronic health records from multiple healthcare organizations. Patients aged 18 years and older who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between 2020 and 2023 were included. The exposure group comprised individuals diagnosed with long-COVID within 3 to 6 months after their initial COVID-19 diagnosis, while the comparison group included COVID-19 patients without a diagnosis of long-COVID. The primary outcomes were the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality. Follow-up commenced 90 days after the index date and continued until the occurrence of the study outcome or the date of the last available medical record.

Results

The risk of MACE was markedly higher in the long-COVID cohort compared to the non-long-COVID cohort. The overall hazard ratio (HR) for MACE was 4.48 (95% CI: 3.95–5.07). Specific conditions such as coronary artery disease and stroke exhibited particularly high HRs, at 6.48 (5.29–7.95) and 3.46 (2.96–4.04) respectively. Mortality was significantly higher in the long-COVID group, with an HR of 1.53 (1.38–1.69).

Conclusions

Compared to patients without long COVID, patients with long COVID had a higher risk of developing MACE.